An updated checklist of necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) occurring in the urban area of Medellín-
Colombia is presented. 27 species belonging to 4 families are reported. Data were obtained from field work and recent
bibliography references.Se presenta una lista actualizada de moscas necrófagas (Diptera, Calyptratae) presentes en el área urbana
del municipio de Medellín. Se registran 27 especies incluidas en cuatro familias. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de
recolectas en campo y referencias bibliográficas

Amat García, Eduardo Carlo

Gómez Piñerez, Luz Miryam

Salazar Ortega, Jorge Alberto

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad

English

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83: 562-565, 2012http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2012.2.983Recibido: 08 febrero 2011; 31 agosto 2011Research NoteA check list of necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calyptratae) from urban area in Medellín, ColombiaLista de moscas necrófagas (Diptera: Calyptratae) del área urbana del municipio de Medellín, ColombiaJorge Alberto Salazar-Ortega, Eduardo Amat y Luz Miryam Gomez-PiñerezGrupo de Investigación en Ciencias Forenses y Salud, Tecnológico de Antioquia-Institución Universitaria,  Medellín, Colombia, Calle 78B N 72A-220 of 5-124.   lgomez@tdea.edu.coAbstract. An updated checklist of necrophagous flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) occurring in the urban area of Medellín-Colombia is presented. 27 species belonging to 4 families are reported. Data were obtained from field work and recent bibliography references. Key words: forensic entomology, carrion, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, inventory.Resumen. Se presenta una lista actualizada de moscas necrófagas (Diptera, Calyptratae) presentes en el área urbana del municipio de Medellín. Se registran 27 especies incluidas en cuatro familias. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de recolectas en campo y referencias bibliográficas.Palabras clave: entomología forense, carroña, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, inventario.Diptera is one of the mega diverse order of insects and encompasses approximately 152 000 described species (Courtney et al., 2009). In the neotropical region, near to 24 000 species had been reported (Amorim et al., 2002). This order of insects is one of the most diverse ones concerning to morphology and habits. This group includes pollinators, predators, parasitoids, decomposers of plant and animal organic matter playing an important ecological role in the recycling of elements in the ecosystems (Hanski, 1987), and some others that could transmit diseases behaving as mechanical vectors (Skevington and Dang, 2002; Brown et al., 2009). Calyptratae flies (Diptera, Brachycera) are comprised of approximately 18 000 species worldwide  and includes blowflies (Calliphoridae), fleshflies (Sarcophagidae) and house flies (Muscidae) among others. These families are of significant importance from the forensic point of view due to their decomposer and synanthropic habits. Unfortunately, no official data on species richness for calyptratae species are available for Colombia.In the last 2 decades, carrion feeding arthropods mainly calyptratae flies had been used in forensic entomology to establish circumstances of death in legal cases (Smith, 1986; Cats and Haskell, 1990; Greenberg, 1991). Studies of forensic entomology emphasize the importance of the families Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Fanniidae among others due to their  ecological traits, including its predominance in colonizing corpses (Catt and Goff, 1992). In Colombia, studies on decomposer or necrophagous flies had been focused on forensic entomology development, but unfortunately no local comprehensive inventories of this fauna had been done.In Medellín, the most important studies have been those by Restrepo et al. (2000), Wolff et al. (2001) and Pérez et al. (2005) on pig corpses; but in some cases, taxonomic identification at species level have not been achieved. In order to offer a faunistic tool to forensic entomology development  and further ecology studies, an updated check list of necrophagous flies recorded in the city of Medellín, Colombia based on field work and bibliography references is presented.Flies were collected from October to December in 4 sites: a restaurant area (AR) 6°12´31.8˝ N, 75°34´04.4˝ W, a residential complex (RC) 6°15´27.6˝ N, 75°34´44.2˝ W, a marketplace (MP) 6°15´26.2˝ N, 75°34´29˝ W, and a slaughterhouse (SH) 6°18´06.4˝ N, 075°33´45.7˝ W. At each site, 2 McPhail modified traps were baited with 563Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 83: 562-565, 2012Species Locality (in this study) Date (month) ReferenceCalliphoridae familyChrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) AR, RC, SH Apr-Dec Wolff et al., 2001, 2004; Pérez et al., 2005Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) All Apr-Dec Pérez et al., 2005; Wolff et al., 2004Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) - Apr-Dec Wolff et al., 2001; Pérez et al., 2005Compsomyiops verena (Walker, 1849)? - Jan Amat, 2009 Compsomyiops sp. - Oct Pérez et al., 2005Hemilucilia semidiaphana  (Rondani, 1850) AR DecLucilia cluvia (Walker, 1849)? - Jan-Aug Giraldo, 2007Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1819) All Oct-DecLucilia eximia (Wiedemann, 1819) - - Velez andWolff,  2008Lucilia peruviana  Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 AR, RC Sept-OctLucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) - Oct, Dec Wolff et al., 2004; Pérez et al., 2005Lucilia sp. AR, RC, SH Oct, DecFanniidae familyEuryomma sp. 1† - Aug Grisales, 2010Euryomma sp. 3† - May Grisales, 2010Fannia canicularis (Linnaeus, 1761)*? - Oct Pérez et al., 2005Fannia dodgei (Seago, 1954) - May Grisales, 2010Fannia pusio (Wiedemann, 1830) - May, Nov Grisales, 2010Fannia trimaculata (Stein, 1898) - Fev, Jun, Dec Grisales, 2010Fannia scalaris (Fabricius, 1794)*? - - Wolff et al., 2004Fannia sp. All Oct, Dec Wolff et al., 2001Muscidae familyAtherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868 All Oct-DecMorellia sp. - Oct Wolff et al., 2001Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 All Oct-Dec Wolff et al., 2004; Pérez et al., 2005Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) AR Oct, DecOphyra capensis (Wiedemann, 1818) - Oct Pérez et al., 2005Ophyra sp. - Oct Wolff et al., 2001Synthesiomyia sp. - Oct Pérez et al., 2005Sarcophagidae familyBlaesoxipha plinthopyga (Wiedemann, 1830)  MP OctOxysarcodexia bakeri  (Aldrich, 1916) RC OctOxysarcodexia thornax  (Walker, 1849) - - Buenaventura, pers comm. Oxysarcodexia sp. MP Oct-Nov Wolff et al., 2001; Pérez et al., 2005Peckia anguilla  (Curran and Walley, 1934) - Jun, Jul, Nov Buenaventura and Pape in pressPeckia chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) - Dec Buenaventura and Pape in pressPeckia collusor  (Curran and Walley, 1934) - May, Jun, Aug, Nov Buenaventura and Pape in pressPeckia ingens (Walker, 1849) - - Buenaventura, pers comm. Peckia intermutans (Walker, 1861) - Nov Buenaventura and Pape in pressPeckia sp. 1 MP, RC OctPeckia sp. 2 RC OctPeckia sp. - - Pérez et al., 2005Lepidodexia sp. ? - Feb Buenaventura, 2006Ravinia sp. - Oct Pérez et al., 2005Sarcodexia lambens  (Wiedemann, 1830) AR OctSarcophaga sp. - Oct Pérez et al., 2005Sarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794) MP OctTable 1. Carrion-feeding flies (Diptera, Calyptratae) from Urban Area in Medellín, ColombiaAR: area restaurant, MP: marketplace, RC:  residential complex, SH: slaughterhouse. (*= identified through immature stages, †= species undescribed and named with numbers in the original reference, ?= doubtful record).564 Salazar-Ortega et al.- Necrophagous flies of Medellínrotten fish heads and chicken viscera (further details in Amat, 2010). The traps were operated 1 day from 10:00 to 14:00 hrs. Specimens collected were identified using the taxonomic keys of Chillcott (1961), Amat et al. (2008), Buck et al. (2009), Buenaventura et al. (2009), and Grisales (2010). Some Muscidae and Sarcophagidae specimens were identified by Dra. Couri and Mello-Patiu at Museu Nacional in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Specimens were mounted and deposited in the entomological collection of Tecnológico de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia (CE-TDEA).Twelve species were collected in this study, 11 of these are reported for the first time from Medellín. A total number of 29 species were summarized and listed, morphotypes identified at genus level are included (Table 1), Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae being the richest families. Calliphoridae mainly represented by: 1), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), previously reported by Wolff et al. (2001) in Antioquia and currently reported in all natural regions of Colombia from 0 to 2 700 m asl by Amat (2009). 2), the introduced synanthropic latrine fly Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794), previously reported in Colombia, in the provinces of Antioquia, Boyacá, Sucre, Vaupés, Bolívar, and Chocó (Pape et al., 2008). 3), the green bottlefly, Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830), reported in the province of Antioquia by Pape et al. (2004). 4), Lucilia peruviana Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 reported in Andean region mainly in Antioquia, Caldas and Risaralda provinces (Florez and Wolff, 2009), and 5), Hemilucilia semidiaphana (Rondani, 1850), reported in this study, for the first time in Medellín. The family Muscidae was represented by: 1), Atherigona orientalis Schiner, 1868, genus previously reported in the Province of Antioquia by Pérez (2007). 2), Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758, a widely distributed specie, and 3), Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830), reported in this study for the first time in the urban area of Medellín, although the genus was reported previously in the Province of Antioquia by Pérez (2007). The family Sarcophagidae (Fleshflies) was mainly represented by the genera Oxysarcodexia and Peckia, both taxa widely distributed in Colombia, were previously reported by Pape et al. (2004) and Buenaventura et al. (2007). Neotropical Peckia species, found here, were recently reviewed and keyed by Buenaventura and Pape (in press). Blaesoxipha plinthopyga is previously reported from Antioquia (Pape et al., 2004).  Sarcodexia lambens previously reported in Chocó, Magdalena and Putumayo provinces, and finally Sarcophaga ruficornis reported in an insular area from Colombia by Buenaventura et al. (2007).And finally, Fannidae, with specimens that could not be identified at the species level, due to the fact that no males were collected in order to review diagnostic characters. Fannia and Euryomma species reported here have been reviewed and keyed by Grisales (2010).The entomofauna in the tropics is characterized to be rich in species and still underestimated (Gaston, 1991). Necrophagous flies communities found in Neotropical environments probably are not the exception in terms of species richness if compared with other studies in the holartic region whose assemblages comprise only a few number of species, usually dominated by 1 to 3 species (Hanski, 1987). The composition of species presented in this study may serve as baseline for future ecological research in a multidimensional scale, and will provide support to consolidate the framework in the use of techniques of forensic entomology development. We believe that conducting long-term studies at Medellín can provide a better understanding of these fly communities and the species richness will be most likely increased.We thank the Muscidae and Sarcophagidae specialist named in the text for taxonomic identifications. We also thank to the Director’s Office of Research and Postgraduate courses (CITIA) and the Committee of Research (CODEI) of Tecnológico de Antioquia; for the financial support. To Eliana Buenaventura for sharing Sarcophagidae unpublished data. Literature cited Amat, E. 2010.  Notes on necrophagous flies (Diptera: Calyptrateae) associated with fish carrion in Colombian Amazon. Acta Amazonica 40:397-400.Amat, E. 2009. 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Lista de moscas necrófagas (Diptera: Calyptratae) del área urbana del municipio de Medellín, Colombia

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Lista de moscas necrófagas (Diptera: Calyptratae) del área urbana del municipio de Medellín, Colombia

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