Lifting is to use lifting equipment to lift components and install them to the designated position. On the main structure, lifting equipment is used to transport the flue and transport the sectional flue to the designated position. Certain deformation will occur during the lifting operation of the flue due to its force condition, but it is not known whether it is elastic deformation or plastic deformation. Therefore, this paper analyzes the stress and strain of the flue during operation by finite element method, and observes and analyzes the influence of plastic deformation on the whole flue

Guo, D. L.

He, M. L.

Ji, H. C.

Wang, C. J.

Wang, Y. L.

Wu, C. D.

Zhang, L. J.

English

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241METALURGIJA 63 (2024) 2, 241-244D. L. GUO, C. D. WU, C. J. WANG, Y. L. WANG, M. L. HE, L. J. ZHANG, H. C. JILIFTING METHOD TO ANALYZE PIPELINE DEFORMATIONReceived – Primljeno: 2023-08-10Accepted – Prihvaćeno: 2023-11-10Original Scientific Paper – Izvorni znanstveni radLifting is to use lifting equipment to lift components and install them to the designated position. On the main struc-ture, lifting equipment is used to transport the flue and transport the sectional flue to the designated position. Certain deformation will occur during the lifting operation of the flue due to its force condition, but it is not known whether it is elastic deformation or plastic deformation. Therefore, this paper analyzes the stress and strain of the flue during operation by finite element method, and observes and analyzes the influence of plastic deformation on the whole flue.Keywords: Q235 stress; hoisting; plastic deformation; stress-strain; finite element analysisISSN 0543-5846METABK 63(2) 241-244 (2024)UDC – UDK 669.15.26.24/621-462:621.873:539.374:62016-539.5:518.1=111INTRODUCTIONLifting is the construction work that uses lifting equipment to lift components and install them in the de-sign position. Divided into parts lifting and whole lift-ing. The former is to lift each component of the building and structure in turn; The latter is to assemble each com-ponent into an overall structure on the ground and then carry out hoisting. The former is used this time, and the different types of flue are hoisted to the designated posi-tion in order of precedence. As shown in Figure 1, the flue on the main structure is divided into three different specifications. This paper analyzes the stress of the flue with the largest diameter during operation. Selvam Ja-nani et al. used ABAQUS software to accurately design the cold-formed thin-wall steel structure to the appropri-ate size. Through numerical simulation and research, it was found that under the application of light load, some thin-wall components in the cold-formed section would undergo distortion buckling, and even after buckling, these components still maintained high strength. The in-fluence of the thickness of the specimen and the choice of stiffener type on the ultimate strength and deflection is proved by the finite element analysis and the experi-ment.[1] İlgün Abdulkerim et al. studied the flexural performance of concrete filled steel tube beams with rectangular, circular and square sections, carried out four-point bending tests on 12 concrete filled steel tube beams, and gave and discussed the load/torque-displace-ment curves extracted from the experimental results. Fi-nally, the nonlinear finite element model (FEM) was es-tablished by ABAQUS to simulate the experiment, and it was found that the simulation data had good compati-bility with the experimental data. [2]D. L. Guo, H. C. Ji (E-mail: jihongchao@ncst.edu.cn) College of Me-chanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technol-ogy, Hebei, Tangshan, China. C. D. Wu, C. J. Wang, Y L Wang, M. L. He, L.J. Zhang, China MCC22 GROUP CORPORATION LTD.In this paper, through the application of hoisting in engineering, the actual hoisting is modeled in 3D, and the finite element numerical simulation is carried out to analyze the stress and strain of the flue under the hoist-ing mode.Figure 1 Flue distribution diagramFinite element model establishmentQ235 has good plasticity and welding performance, molding ability is very good, all many profiles (such as Angle steel, round steel, I-steel, channel steel and other materials for many Q235), and has a certain strength, suitable for Bridges, buildings and other engineering structures, good practical performance, the price is rela-tively cheap, cost-effective [3], Q235 steel is divided into A, B, C, D four grades, according to the different carbon content to be divided. The material of the flue is Q235B, the main chemical composition is shown in Ta-ble 1 [4], and the other components are Fe. Firstly, a three-dimensional modeling was carried out for the hoisting of the flue. The material of the wire rope was 80# steel of high carbon steel with a diameter of 30 mm, and the thickness of different types of flue was differ-ent. The outer diameter analyzed in this paper was 6 028 mm, the inner diameter was 6 000 mm, the length was 3 976,7 mm, and the thickness of the flue was 24 mm. 242  METALURGIJA 63 (2024) 2, 241-244D. L. GUO et al.: LIFTING METHOD TO ANALYZE PIPELINE DEFORMATIONThe upper end of the wire rope is suspended by the elec-tric hoist through the hook, so only the wire rope can be retained. The 3D model after modeling is shown in Figure 2.gineering time affecting the efficiency, so the speed should be properly selected.Next is an important link in the establishment of fi-nite element model, grid division, grid division needs to consider more problems, the workload is relatively large, the grid form has a direct impact on the calcula-tion accuracy and calculation scale. In addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation, the size of the grid should be determined according to the needs of numerical simulation and material properties, and the number of grids will affect the accuracy of the calcula-tion results and the size of the calculation scale. Gener-ally speaking, with the increase of the number of grids, the calculation accuracy will be improved, but at the same time, the calculation scale will also be doubled, so two factors should be weighed when determining the number of grids. Because the flue as a whole is a very symmetrical and uniform structure, its force condition is relatively uniform, so the size of the flue can be rela-tively large when dividing the grid for the flue, which can shorten the calculation time, and will not have a great impact on the result. The final grid is shown in Figure 3. The specific grid number is shown in Table 2.Table 1 Q235 chemical composition/wt.%C Mn Si S0,12~0,20 0,30~0,70 ≤0,30 0,045P Cr Ni Cu≤0,045 ≤0,30 ≤0,30 ≤0,30Figure 2 Three-dimensional diagram of the flueNumerical simulationFirst, modeling was carried out in SolidWorks soft-ware, the three-dimensional structure of steel wire rope, flue and weld was established and assembled, and then the format was converted and imported into Abaqus software. Finite element modeling was carried out on the imported assembly, the stress and strain conditions of welds in the flue were observed, and material proper-ties of Q235B, 80# steel and weld were created. They are assigned to the flue and the wire rope respectively, and then create an analysis step of a certain length and frequency. At the same time, the numerical simulation data to be output is selected. What is needed this time is the stress-strain situation, after the interaction is creat-ed, the friction coefficient is set and the constraint is created. The center point of the flue and weld is selected as the reference point, and the center point is coupled with other positions. The reference point is selected at the contact point between the upper end of the wire rope and the electric hoist hook, and the boundary conditions are defined, so that it can move in the forward direction and limit its movement and rotation in other directions. Choose natural gravity, after that, according to the run-ning state of the reference point of the previously se-lected steel wire rope, give a certain initial velocity or acceleration, and give the same speed to the flue when the constant speed, the given speed should meet the ac-tual requirements of the project, too large is easy to pro-duce safety hazards, too small will lead to too long en-Table 2 Grid numberObject Number of gridsFlue 383 968Wire rope 7 980Figure 3 3D grid diagramSimulation results and analysisAccording to the above modeling method, the same speed and acceleration are applied to the top of the wire rope according to the operating speed and acceleration of the electric hoist, with the maximum speed of 314 mm/s and the acceleration of ±78,5 mm/s2. The numerical simu-lation results of the stress and strain of the track and weld under the condition of uniform acceleration, uniform speed and uniform deceleration are obtained respectively.From Figure 4 and Figure 5, it can be observed that during the lifting process under uniform acceleration, when the acceleration is 78,5 mm/s2, the maximum stress 243D. L. GUO et al.: LIFTING METHOD TO ANALYZE PIPELINE DEFORMATIONMETALURGIJA 63 (2024) 2, 241-244in the other parts of the flue except for the contact with the wire rope remains around 215 MPa. The total strain of the flue is maximum at 0,3 416 mm, with the majority of the strain at 0,08 607 mm. The thickness of the flue is 24 mm, and the maximum deformation is only about one percent of the flue thickness. Therefore, under uniform acceleration, the lifting method will not have a signifi-cant impact on the weld seam of the pipeline.From Figure 6 and Figure 7, it can be observed that during the lifting process, when the speed is constant at Figure 5 Uniformly accelerated strain diagramFigure 4 Uniform acceleration stress diagramFigure 7 Uniform velocity strain diagramFigure 6 Uniform velocity stress diagram314 mm/s, the maximum stress at other parts of the flue remains around 215 MPa. The total strain of the flue is maximum at 0,3 405 mm, with the majority of the strain Figure 9 Uniform deceleration strain diagramFigure 8 Uniform deceleration stress diagram244  METALURGIJA 63 (2024) 2, 241-244D. L. GUO et al.: LIFTING METHOD TO ANALYZE PIPELINE DEFORMATIONbeing 0,08 602 mm. The thickness of the flue is 24 mm, and the maximum deformation is around one percent of the flue thickness. Therefore, in the constant speed state, the lifting method will not have a significant im-pact on the weld seam of the pipeline.From Figure 8 and Figure 9, it can be observed that during the lifting process, when in a uniform decelera-tion state with an acceleration of -78,5 mm/s2, the max-imum stress at other parts of the flue remains around 235 MPa. The total strain of the flue is maximum at 0,3 411 mm, with the majority of the strain being 0,08 629 mm. The thickness of the flue is 24 mm, and the maxi-mum strain is around one percent of the flue thickness. Therefore, in the uniform deceleration state, the lifting method will not have a significant impact on the defor-mation of the pipeline.CONCLUSIONIn this paper, through the three-dimensional mode-ling and numerical simulation of the flue and weld in the project, and the analysis of the simulation results, in the process of accelerating and uniform speed under ac-tual conditions, that is, the acceleration reaches 78,5 mm/s2, and the maximum speed is 314 mm/s, the weld on the flue has plastic deformation in three states: uni-form acceleration, uniform speed and uniform decelera-tion, and the maximum deformation is 0,3 416 mm, which is very small compared to the thickness of the flue, so the lifting method has little effect on the defor-mation of the pipeline.AcknowledgmentsThis work is supported by the Tangshan Talent Foundation Innovation Team (20130204D) and funded by Tangshan City Major Achievement Transformation Project (Grant No. 19140203F).REFERENCES[1] Selvam Janani. Analyzing the Flexural Performance of Cold-Formed Steel Sigma Section Using ABAQUS Software[J]. Sustainability, (2023)5,15.[2] İlgün Abdulkerim, Sancioğlu Sadrettin. Flexural beha-viour of different CFSTs cross-section shapes with the same steel cross-sectional area[J]. Sādhanā, (2023)2,48.[3] X. A. Zha. High Entropy Welding of 304/Q235 Stainless Steel Composite Plate [D]. East China Jiaotong Universi-ty,2022.DOI:10.27147/d.cnki.ghdju.2022.000202.[4] Y. P. Tian. Preparation and Properties of Wear Resistant Coating on Q235 Steel Surface [D]. Changzhou Universi-ty,2022.DOI:10.27739/d.cnki.gjsgy.2022.000380.Note:  The responsible translator for English language is W LIU-North China University of Science and Technology, China

Lifting method to analyze pipeline deformation

Lifting method to analyze pipeline deformation

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