This study provides a detailed review of available evidence on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the policy responses to it, on the education of children under five in Scotland. It details how these impacts have been unevenly distributed and experienced differently by children under five who face disadvantages based on socioeconomic exclusion, disability, race/ethnicity, and other intersecting inequalities. The report is based on a comprehensive, systematic desk-based review to provide an in depth analysis of the most recent and relevant national and international, qualitative and quantitative research reporting on these issues