Thick discs in galaxies were most likely not accreted

Abstract

The origin of thick discs in galaxies remains shrouded in mystery. A variety of formation scenarios has been proposed. Here we aim to test one such scenario where the thick disc stars are proposed to be accreted from satellite galaxies. In this scenario, in at least some galaxies a fraction of thick disc stars would rotate in a retrograde way, which would cause a large thick disc velocity lag. Here, we compare the rotation curves of the thin and the thick discs of eight edge-on galaxies observed with MUSE at the VLT. We find that the velocity lags of the thick discs are compatible with those expected from asymmetric drift. If we consider the galaxies with thick disc rotation curves in the literature, only one in about fifteen shows clear signs of an accreted thick disc. Based on simulations in the literature we estimate that if thick discs were accreted, at least one in six would show clear signs of retrograde material. Thus, there is a growing tension between the observations and the hypothesis that thick discs are made of accreted stars

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