Antimicrobials are essential and widely used in veterinary practice. Their use undergoes numerous national and European regulations, but should also meet the criteria of recommendations and statements of veterinary associations and other professional structures. Currently, multidrug resistance is recognized as one of the largest threats to both human and animal health, widely discussed internationally. Horses are unique domestic animal species, due to their dual role as either food- or non-food-producing animals and this fact further complicates the everyday equine veterinary practice. The aim of this study is to introduce the problem of antimicrobial therapy in horses in the context of the legislation and the general principles of good veterinary practice