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Animali, Lorenzo

Corrado, Sveva

Giorcelli, Mauro

Tuccimei, Paola

English

Engineering Conferences International

Engineering Conferences International ECI Digital Archives Bio-Char III: Production, Characterization and Applications Proceedings 9-20-2023 Use of commercial biochar for river water purification in the Lazio region, Italy Lorenzo Animali Sveva Corrado Mauro Giorcelli Paola Tuccimei Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.engconfintl.org/biochar_iii USE OF COMMERCIAL BIOCHARFOR RIVER WATER PURIFICATIONBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal, 17-22 September 2023Lorenzo Animali [1], Sveva Corrado [1], Paola Tuccimei [1], Mattia Bartoli [2], Mauro Giorcelli [2][1] Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy. [2] Turin’s Polytechnic, Turin, Italy.LORENZO ANIMALI lorenzo.animali@uniroma3.it+39 349 436 8643 • Purpose-made biochar has beendemonstrated to be an effectivepollutant adsorbent.INTRODUCTIONResearch interest graph for keywords “biochar” and “water” – Elsevier B. V., 2023Biochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 1/30• Commercial biochar is widely available for the sake of soil remediation but often not economically competitive.Biochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 2/30• Research on real study cases for water purification is still lacking.Biochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 3/30Determine the potential of commercial biochar for water purification in real case studiesOBJECTIVEBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 4/30Biochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 5/30SustainableLocally sourced biochar stores carbon and contributes to environmental remediationBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 6/30SustainableLocally sourced biochar stores carbon and contributes to environmental remediationInnovativeAlready available biochar gets a new potential use caseBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 7/30SustainableLocally sourced biochar stores carbon and contributes to environmental remediationInnovativeAlready available biochar gets a new potential use caseEconomicBiochar acquires an additional high value application to fuel its marketBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 8/30CHARACTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCHARACTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory FieldSourcing of readily available commercial biochar from active companiesBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 9/30CHARACTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCHARACTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory FieldPRE-TREATMENTStructure RAMAN, XRD, ICP-MS, TOCSurface SEM-EDX, FTIRPhysical-chemical pH, CEC, electric conductivity, specific surface, density, porosityBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 10/30CHARACTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCHARACTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory FieldIdentification of study areas bearing high remediation potential for  development of real use case scenariosBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 11/30CHARACTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCHARACTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory Field1. Water samplingand analysis2. Biochar treatment of water3. Biochar collection and dryingBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 12/30CHARACTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCHARACTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory FieldPOST-TREATMENTStructure XRD, ICP-MSSurface SEM-EDXPhysical-chemical specific surfaceBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 13/30CHARACTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCHARACTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory FieldComparison of pre-and post-treatment analyses of biochar allows performance evaluation for water purificationBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 14/30CARACHTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCARACHTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory FieldBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 15/30CARACHTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCARACHTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory Field9  commercial biochar from Italy and EuropeBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 16/30CARACHTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCARACHTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory Field9  commercial biochar from Italy and EuropeRAMANMicro RamanspectroscopySEM – EDXScanning Electron Microscope imaging and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopyXRDX-Ray diffractionBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 17/30CARACHTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCARACHTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory Field9  commercial biochar from Italy and EuropeRAMANMicro RamanspectroscopySEM – EDXScanning Electron Microscope imaging and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopyXRDX-Ray diffractionFOSSO GALERIA andMALAGROTTA LANDFILLBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 18/30CARACHTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCARACHTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory Field9  commercial biochar from Italy and EuropeRAMANMicro RamanspectroscopySEM – EDXScanning Electron Microscope imaging and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopyXRDX-Ray diffractionFOSSO GALERIA andMALAGROTTA LANDFILLBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 19/30CARACHTERIZATIONSTUDY AREATESTINGGATHERINGCARACHTERIZATIONPERFORMANCELaboratory Field9  commercial biochar from Italy and EuropeRAMANMicro RamanspectroscopySEM – EDXScanning Electron Microscope imaging and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopyXRDX-Ray diffractionFOSSO GALERIA andMALAGROTTA LANDFILLSEM – EDXScanning Electron Microscope imaging and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopyBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 20/30NWATER SAMPLINGSITE9 commercial biocharfrom Italy and Europe.Source biochar locations – modified from Google Images 2023, cartographic data from Airbus and Maxar TechnologiesMATERIALSItalian biochar can only come from byproducts of agriculturaland forestry activities.Italian biochar is generally a coproduct of pyro-gasification processes.Biochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 21/30WATER SAMPLINGSITEMALAGROTTA LANDFILLFOSSO GALERIANStudy area and water samplingsite (right) with field photo andaerial view (below) - modifiedfrom Google Images 2023,cartographic data from Airbusand Maxar TechnologiesFOSSO GALERIA andMALAGROTTA LANDFILL• Heavily anthropized area hosting heavy duty workshops, building companies and petrochemical industries• Former site of Europe’s largest landfillSTUDY AREABiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 22/301. 50g of each biochar, ground down to normaldistribution (2 to 0.125 mm), to represent thepotential of both coarse and fine grain sizes2. Immersion of biochar samples in 1L of river waterfor one week.3. Drying and post-treatment analysis.0510152025303540Sample weight %Grain size [mm]Biochar samples grain sizedistribution graph (above),experimental setup and resultingsamples (below).LABORATORY EXPERIMENTBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 23/30RESULTS1590.001591.001592.001593.001594.001595.001596.001597.001598.001599.001600.0055.00 60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00G Peak PositionG peak widthBC-9BC-8BC-7BC-6BC-5BC-4BC-3BC-2BC-1Distribution graph of twoRaman parameters sensibleto thermal evolution (Gpeak position, G peakwidth at half height)(top)and homogeneous biocharraman spectra (left).BC-3• 3 or 4 spectra acquired oneach biochar type• Most of them do not showdifferences in Raman spectra,indicating homogeneousthermal modifications andno feedstock influence• G peak position vs. G peakwidth at half height show arough inverse covarianceRAMAN Micro Raman spectroscopy on millimetric fragmentsBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 24/300 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100BC-1BC-2BC-3BC-4BC-5BC-6BC-7BC-8BC-9Mineral phase %SampleAmorphous Quartz Calcite Plagioclase SylviteXRDBiochar samples quantitative crystalline compositionobtained from XRD analysis on pre-treatment samplesX-Ray diffraction onfine grain powder• Analysed biochars are mostly amorphous (carbonaceous fraction)• Calcite is the most common crystal phase associated to amorphous carbonaceous matter  • Occurrence of additional crystal phases is limited to small percentagesBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 25/300.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00BC-1BC-2BC-3BC-4BC-5BC-6BC-7BC-8BC-990.00 91.00 92.00 93.00 94.00 95.00 96.00 97.00 98.00 99.00 100.00BC-1BC-2BC-3BC-4BC-5BC-6BC-7BC-8BC-9EDXEnergy Dispersive X-Rayspectroscopy on biocharsamples• Most samples contain more than 80% Carbon • Elements other than carbon and oxygen are limited to small % amounts• Most samples bear both potassium and calciumPre-treatment areal EDX resultsBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 26/30WATERSUBSTANCE CONCENTRATION LOQ unit Sb < 10 10 µg/LAs 7,2 0.1 µg/LBe < 1 1 µg/LCd < 1 1 µg/LCo 24,7 5 µg/LCr 1,10 1 µg/LHg < 0,1 0.1 µg/LNi 5,50 5 µg/LPb < 10 10 µg/LCu 7,2 5 µg/LSe < 20 20 µg/LSn < 10 10 µg/LTl < 20 20 µg/LV < 5 5 µg/LZn 284 10 µg/LCa 79 0.5 mg/LMg 15,5 0.5 mg/LNa 47,5 0.5 mg/LK 16,0 0.5 mg/LSulphates 32,1 0.1 mg/LFlourys 0,510 0.1 mg/LNitrates < 0,1 0.1 mg/LPhosphates 3,70 0.1 mg/LChlorides 55 0.1 mg/LNitrites < 0,02 0.02 mg/LCyanides < 0,02 0.02 mg/LWATER ANALYSESWater sample was analysed to  determine potentialpollutant uptake. Expected targets are As, Co and Zn due to their comparatively high concentration (indicated with the red arrows).Picture from water samplingphase (above) and wateranalyses results table (right)indicating analysed substances,concentration in the watersample, limit of quality (LOQ)and unit of measurementBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 27/30POST TREATMENT0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00BC-1BC-2BC-3BC-4BC-5BC-6BC-7BC-8BC-990.00 91.00 92.00 93.00 94.00 95.00 96.00 97.00 98.00 99.00 100.00BC-1BC-2BC-3BC-4BC-5BC-6BC-7BC-8BC-9EDXEnergy Dispersive X-Rayspectroscopy on biocharsamples• Post-treatmentsamples display significant differencesfrom pre-treatment ones• Most relevant changes include rising of aluminium in multiple samples and leaching of potassiumPost-treatment areal EDX resultsBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 28/30Employing biochar forwater treatment hasexposed samples tostructural changes:• surface degradation• pore filling• adsorption of foreign matter.BC-1BC-2BC-7AFTERTREATMENTBEFORETREATMENTSEM images of biochar samples at differentmagnifications before and after water treatmentSEMScanning Electron Microscope imaging on biochar samplesBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 29/30FINAL REMARKS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVESBiochar III – Tomar, Portugal 17-22 September 2023 Slide 30/30Multi-method analytical strategy for biochar characterization and water purification performance evaluationStructural and compositionaldifferences• Expansion of analytical dataset• On-site experimentsLORENZO ANIMALI lorenzo.animali@uniroma3.it+39 349 436 8643 QUESTIONS?

Use of commercial biochar for river water purification in the Lazio region, Italy

https://dc.engconfintl.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034&context=biochar_iii

Use of commercial biochar for river water purification in the Lazio region, Italy

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