Crowley, Kyle M.

Martin, Ina T.

Rasmussen, Mirra M.

English

Scholarly Commons@CWRU

Case Western Reserve University Scholarly Commons @ Case Western Reserve University Student Scholarship Summer 2021 Surface Energy and Microstructure: The Effect of the Underlying Substrate on Perovskite Film Formation for Solar Cell Absorbers Mirra M. Rasmussen Case Western Reserve University, mmr125@case.edu Kyle M. Crowley Case Western Reserve University Ina T. Martin Case Western Reserve University, ixm98@case.edu Author(s) ORCID Identifier: Mirra M. Rasmussen Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.case.edu/studentworks  Part of the Semiconductor and Optical Materials Commons Recommended Citation Rasmussen, Mirra M.; Crowley, Kyle M.; and Martin, Ina T., "Surface Energy and Microstructure: The Effect of the Underlying Substrate on Perovskite Film Formation for Solar Cell Absorbers" (2021). Student Scholarship. 12. https://commons.case.edu/studentworks/12 This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ Case Western Reserve University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ Case Western Reserve University. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@case.edu. CWRU authors have made this work freely available. Please tell us how this access has benefited or impacted you! Introduction & BackgroundConclusions and Future DirectionsSilane and Perovskite DepositionInterfacial Modification and StabilitySurface Energy and Microstructure: The effect of the underlying substrate on perovskite film formation for solar cell absorbersMirra M. Rasmussen1, Kyle M. Crowley1, Ina T. Martin11 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USAAcknowledgementsWe acknowledge the Case Western Reserve University School of Engineering Faculty Investment Fund for funding the bulk of this work (“Fundamental Materials Studies of a Novel Lead-Free Perovskite”). We also acknowledge the CWRU Flora Stone Mather Center for Women for funding Mirra Rasmussen via a 2021 Women in STEM SOURCE grant. Experimental work was performed in the CWRU Materials for Opto/electronics Research and Education (MORE) Center, a core facility est. 2011 by Ohio Third Frontier grant TECH 09-021.Experimental Flow1. Clean substrates2. Deposit organofunctional silane [6,7]3. Spin coat MAPbI3 and anneal [5]4. Characterization and degradationResults: BPTMS passivates the perovskite-TCO interface, affecting both the film morphology and degradation profile of the perovskite.   • Further investigate silane-MO interface and its effects on the perovskite film with SE and XPSConclusions Results highlight importance of film studies under device-relevant conditions Organofunctional silanes used as molecular modifiers can passivate a TCO/perovskite interface Interfacial modifiers have multifaceted effects on perovskite film morphology and lifetimeBPTMS and MAPbI3 Grain Growth• BPTMS leads to growth of smaller grains on ITO• MAPbI3 grains on s-ITO comparable in size to those grown on glassMaterials Synthesis &CharacterizationDevice Fabrication & OptimizationVoltage (V)AnnealCurrent (mA/cm2 )Lifetime EnhancementReferences 1 Nature Energy, vol. 4, pp. 1, Jan. 2019.2 ChemSusChem, 10 (2017), 3794-3803.  DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701262.3 J. Photon. Energy 6(2), 022001 (2016), DOI: 10.1117/1.JPE.6.022001.4 Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1658–1666, 2017. 5 ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 3, 2386–2393 DOI:10.1021/acsaem.9b020526 Langmuir 29 (2013), 4057-67. DOI:10.1021/la304719y7 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9 (2017), 17620-17628. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b026388 AIP Advances, vol. 9, no. 8, p. 085123, 2019.http://www.phys.cwru.edu/sites/morecenter/Goal: Improve stability of perovskite absorbers through small molecule modification of perovskite-TCO interface.Materials Design for ReliabilityApproach: Deposition of MAPbI3 on bare and silane-modified substrates to systematically investigate effects of a BPTMS interlayer on perovskite degradation.Future Directions:• Apply silanes to MOs (Metal Oxides), commonly used as PV charge transport layers• Investigate systematically varied TCO/MO/silane combinations in half-stack degradation studies Left: Characteristics of BPTMS modified ITO and silicon. Silane thickness is modelled from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. Right: SE characterization of perovskite filmsModifier Stack StructureVoc[V]Jsc[mA cm-2 ]PCE [%]Bromobenzoic Acid (Br-BA) [2]ITO/NiOx/MAPbI3/PCBM/bis-C60/Ag1.07 19.1 15.3ITO/NiOx/Br-BA/ MAPbI3/PCBM/bis-C60/Ag1.11 21.7 18.4(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane(APTES) [4]FTO/SnO2/MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au1.065 20.84 14.69FTO/SnO2/APTES/ MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au1.16 21.23 17.03Small molecule modifiers and their positive effects on device performance. Data from references [2] and [4].Device properties and performance are directly tied to perovskite film properties [3]. [8]Chemical process of small molecule modification of a metal oxide.Substrate Thickness, ÅContact Angle, degreesSilicon11 ± 1 62 ± 324 ± 1 81 ± 234 ± 2 84 ± 1ITO 6 ± 1 72 ± 2Record devices are over 20% efficient but there are materials problems that need to be solved [1].Interfacial modification affects: • Film uniformity• Crystallinity• Grain size • Defect densityBrBrBr“s-” denotes inclusion of BPTMS interlayerMolecular structure of 3-Bromopropyl trimethoxysilane [BPTMS]Schematic overview of film stacksDashed line indicates organofunctional silane layer. UV-Vis spectrum of MAPbI3 on s-ITO. BPTMS and MAPbI3 Degradation• BPTMS mitigates MAPbI3 degradation on ITO (in green) compared to the unmodified control (in red)• Decouples effects of grain size from interfacial chemistry in terms of stabilityPb-Based Perovskite Films as an Emerging PV Absorber

Surface Energy and Microstructure: The Effect of the Underlying Substrate on Perovskite Film Formation for Solar Cell Absorbers

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Surface Energy and Microstructure: The Effect of the Underlying Substrate on Perovskite Film Formation for Solar Cell Absorbers

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