Exploring a Graph Complement in Quadratic Congruence

Abstract

In this work, we investigate essential definitions, defining G as a simple graph with vertices in Zn and subgraphs Γu and Γq as unit residue and quadratic residue graphs modulo n, respectively. The investigation extends to the degree of G, Γu, and Γq, illuminating the properties of these subgraphs in the context of quadratic congruences