"The correct distribution of loads on foot, known as plantar pressures, is a relevant parameter
for evaluating the evolution of some diseases. Anomalies can lead to pain and discomfort in other
body parts. Diabetes changes foot tissues and compromises biomechanics, resulting in ulcers and,
eventually, amputation. Customized insoles allow the redistribution of plantar pressures and are a
complementary strategy to diabetes management. Nowadays, scanning and 3D printing technology
can generate faster and more accurate customized insoles opening new opportunities for local medical
device development. This study reports the development of 3D-printed insoles using two polymers,
thermoplastic polyether-polyurethane and thermoplastic polyurethane polyester-based polymer, and
the evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in walk trials using a clinical protocol and low-cost
electronic system. The two 3D-printed insoles performed as well as a standard insole. No significant
difference was found in average peak pressure distribution. The digital manufacturing workflow of
customized insoles can be implemented in middle-income countries. Three-dimensionally printed
insoles have the potential for diabetes management, and further material evaluations are needed
before using them in health facilities.
