Data from: Evidence for hybridisation-driven heteroplasmy maintained across generations in a ricefish endemic to a Wallacean ancient lake

Abstract

<p><span>Heteroplasmy, </span><span>the presence of multiple mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes within cells of an individual,</span><span> is caused by mutation or paternal leakage. However, heteroplasmy is usually resolved to homoplasmy within a few generations because of germ-line bottlenecks; therefore, instances of heteroplasmy are limited in nature. Here, we report </span><span>heteroplasmy in the ricefish species <em>Oryzias matanensis</em>, endemic to Lake Matano, an ancient lake in Sulawesi Island, in which one individual was known to have many heterozygous sites in the <span class="shorttext">mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene</span>. </span><span>In this study, </span><span>we cloned the ND2 gene for some additional individuals with heterozygous sites and demonstrated that they are truly heteroplasmic. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the extra haplotype within the heteroplasmic <em>O. matanensis</em> individuals clustered with haplotypes of </span><em><span>O. marmoratus</span></em><span>, a congeneric species inhabiting adjacent lakes. This indicated that the heteroplasmy originated from paternal leakage due to interspecific hybridisation. </span><span>The extra haplotype was unique and contained </span><span>t</span><span>wo</span><span> nonsynonymous substitutions. </span><span>These findings demonstrate that this hybridisation-driven heteroplasmy was maintained across generations for a long time to the extent that the extra mitochondria evolved within the new host.</span></p><p>Funding provided by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/00hhkn466<br>Award Number: KAKENHI 17H01675</p><p>Funding provided by: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/00hhkn466<br>Award Number: KAKENHI 22K18370</p><p>Funding provided by: Japan Science and Technology Agency<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/00097mb19<br>Award Number: CREST JPMJCR20S2</p&gt