This perspective provides an overview of the evolution of antibiotic discovery from a largely phenotypic-based effort, through an intensive structure-based design focus, to a more holistic approach today. The current focus on antibiotic development incorporates assay and discovery conditions that replicate the host environment as much as feasible. They also incorporate several strategies, including target identification and validation within the whole cell environment, a variety of target deconvolution methods, and continued refinement of structure-based design approaches
