Background: Dendrimers are nanoscale-size polymers with a globular structure. They
are composed of an internal core and branching dendrons with surface active groups which can
be functionalized for medical applications. Different complexes have been developed for imaging
and therapeutic purposes. This systematic review aims to summarize the development of newer
dendrimers for oncological applications in nuclear medicine. Methods: An online literature search
was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science databases
selecting published studies from January 1999 to December 2022. The accepted studies considered
the synthesis of dendrimer complexes for oncological nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. Results:
111 articles were identified; 69 articles were excluded because they did not satisfy the selection criteria.
Thus, nine duplicate records were removed. The remaining 33 articles were included and selected for
quality assessment. Conclusion: Nanomedicine has led researchers to create novel nanocarriers with
high affinity for the target. Dendrimers represent feasible imaging probes and therapeutic agents
since, through the functionalization of external chemical groups and thanks to the possibility to carry
pharmaceuticals, it can be possible to exploit different therapeutic strategies and develop a useful
weapon for oncological treatments