Brunner, Jay F.

Gut, Larry J.

Undetermined

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IV. Mating Disruption/SIRd. Chemical Control1. Codling moth,Cydiapomonella L.Larry J. Gut and Jay F. BrunnerW.S.U. Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWenatchee, WashingtonFive mating disruption (MD) products were evaluated fortheir ability tocontrol codlingmoth (CM) in apple. Three registered products, Isomate-C (Pacific Biocontrol, Inc.), Isomate-C+ (Pacific Biocontrol, Inc.) and Checkmate-CM (Consep, Inc.), andtwo experimentalproducts, Checkmate-CM 160/1 (Consep, Inc.) and TNO (Trece, Inc.), were evaluated usingdifferent rates andnumbers of applications. Theexperimental design consisted of largeunreplicated blocks either with pheromone plus insecticides asneeded orinsecticides only.Testswereconducted in ninecentralWashington andtwonortheast Oregon locations. In total,32 apple blocks (138.5 acres) weretreated withpheromone.Capture ofmales inpheromone traps and levels offruit injury were used toevaluate theeffectivenessof CMcontrol in test orchards. Pherocon 1CP traps (Trece, Inc.) were placed inpheromone and conventional orchards atadensity of1trap per 2.5 acres. Traps inconventionalorchardswere baited with lures containing1mg of codlemone,while traps inpheromone orchards were baited with lures containing 10 mg ofcodlemone. CM injury tofruit at theendof thefirstgeneration andat harvest wasevaluated by non-destructivelyexamining 1500 apples ineach test block. An equal number ofapples from high (above 7 feet)andlow(below 7 feet) in the canopy was inspected on50 trees in eachblock.Checkmate-CM. Checkmate-CM dispensers wereevaluatedin HowardFlat, an applegrowing region north ofChelan, Washington. Two products were tested, Checkmate-CMwhich contained 105 mgofcodlemone andCheckmate-CM 160/1 which contained 150 mgofcodlemone. Codling moth pressure at thethree Checkmate-CM test sites, as indicated bymoth catch in the conventional orchards, was low (HF2 and HF3) or moderate (HF1)(Table 1). NoCM injury tofruitwasobserved inconventionally treated orchards.Checkmate-CM 160/1 applied twice and combined with oneor two organophosphate (OP)insecticide sprays had noorlow levels offruit injury atharvest. All three orchards treated witha single application ofCheckmate-CM plus insecticides had fruit damage atharvest. Thehighest level ofinjury, 1.12%, was recorded inthe orchard which only received a single OPspray. However, based on previous experience, 1st generation moth catch inpheromone trapsindicated thatmating disruption in allthree Checkmate-CM treated orchards was notsufficientto provide CM control.Table 1. Comparison of codling moth catch andfruit injury inapple orchards treated with Checkmatepheromone dispensers1 or conventional insecticides, northcentral Washington, 1994.Average mothcatch2 % Fruit injuryTreatment pergeneration endof generationSite Dispenser Rate(d/a) First Second First SecondHF1 Checkmate-160/1Checkmate-CMCheckmate-CMCheckmate-CMConventionalHF2 Checkmate-160/1ConventionalHF3 Checkmate-160/1Conventional110, 160160160160110, 160160,1605.09.036.034.017.00.35.04.03.00.54.03.02.034.00.57.53.02.00.00.00.00.140.00.00.00.00.00.00.231.120.330.00.050.00.230.0All pheromone treatments were supplemented with at least one application of azinphosmethyl.Capture ofmoths inPherocon 1CP traps baited with codlemone ata dosage of 10 mg (pheromone treated orchards)or 1mg (non-pheromone treated orchards) and placed within thefruiting canopy of thetree, 1.5-2 meters.6566Since all Checkmate treated orchards received one or more supplemental applications of OPinsecticides, it is difficult to assess the efficacyof the pheromonetreatments. Tliisevaluationisfurther confounded by placement of dispensers. The first applications of dispensers wereconsistently placedin themiddle third of thecanopy. Control of CM bymating disruption ismosteffective whendispensers areplacedhighin the canopy. Given themothpressure andpoorapplication of dispensers, results indicate that an application of 160 Checkmate-CMdispensers wasnot sufficient forCMcontrol. The experimental dispenser, Checkmate-CM160/1, applied at a rateof 110-160 dispensers per acre (d/a) appeared to bemoreeffective thanCheckmate-CM. Mothcatch in 10mg baitedpheromone trapswas relatively low inCheckmate-CM160/1 treated orchards, and fruit injury was kept at low levels when combinedwithone or twoOP sprays. Further testing, particularly underlowandmoderate CMpressureandwithout the maskingeffectsof OP insecticides, is requiredto makean unbiasedassessmentof this new Checkmate product for CM control.Isomate-C+ and TNO. The effectiveness of Isomate-C+ and TNO for CM control wasdirectly compared at two sites (Table 2). Dispensers were applied at themanufacturer'ssuggested rates of 400 Isomate-C+ d/a and 200 TNO d/a. Both sites have a history ofmoderate CM pressure, and 1993 fruit injury records indicated thatoverwintering densities ofCM were probably similar inallof thepheromone treated orchards. The same level ofsuppression of moth catch inpheromone traps was achieved withthetwopheromonetreatments (Table2). No catchwasrecorded at siteW2, but highmothcatches occurredduring thesecond generation at site W8. Both pheromone treatments failed toprevent CMmales from locating 10mgbaited pheromone trapsbeginning at peak flight of thesecondgeneration. This corresponded toabout 100 days after dispenser placement Low levels ofCM fruit injury at harvest were recorded inconventional and pheromone treated orchards at siteW2, butCM injury was higher inpheromone treated orchards than in the conventionally treatedorchard at siteW8. Asecond application ofIsomate-C+ orTNO was required at this location.It is suspected thathigher levels ofCMfruit injury would have occurred in both pheromonetreatedorchards if they hadnotreceived supplemental treatments of ryania.Table 2. Comparison ofcodling moth catch and fruit injury inapple orchards treated with Isomate, TNO orconventional insecticides, northcentral Washington, 1994.Average moth catch2 %Fruit injuryTreatment per generation end of generationSite Dispenser Rate (d/a)1 First Second First SecondW2 Isomate-C 400 3.5 1.0 0.09 0.09Isomate-C+ 400 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.05TNO 200 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.05Conventional 15J 4J M 0-0W8 Isomate-C+ 4003 3.0(18) 10.0(21) 0.23 0.28TNO 2003 2.0 (6) 10.0 (6) 0.0 0.56Conventional 1L0 18J0 00 0-0d/a = dispensers per acre.2 Capture ofmoths in Pherocon 1CP traps baited with codlemone at adosage of10 mg (pheromone treated orchards)or1mg (non-pheromone treated orchards) and placed within the fruiting canopy ofthe tree, 1.5-2 meters. In someblocks, additional 10 mg baited traps were placed in the upper canopy (within 1meter of the top of the canopy).Moth catch high in the canopy is shown in parentheses.3 Pheromone treatment was supplemented with multiple applications of ryania.——Isomate-C and Isomate-C+. The effectiveness of Isomate-C, Isomate-C+ andconventional insecticides for CMcontrolwasdirectiy compared at five sites (Table 3 andW2in Table 2). Dispensers were applied at rates of 400 to 1200 d/a. In blocks with low pressure(MF3, W2, andW4), suppression ofCM with Isomate-C orIsomate-C+ applied at400 d/aresulted in less than 0.1% injury to fruit andcontrol equivalent to conventional programs.Similar levels ofdamage were also recorded inIsomate-C orIsomate-C+ treated blocks atsiteswith a history ofmoderate tohigh CM population levels (W5 andWl1). However,conventional insecticides consistently providedbetterCMcontrolthanpheromone treatments.Table 3. Comparison ofcodling moth catch and fruit injury inapple orchards treated with Isomate pheromonedispensers or conventional insecticides, northcentral Washington, 1994.TreatmentAverage mothcatch2per generation%Fruit injuryend of generationSite DispenserIsomate-CIsomate-C+ConventionalRate (d/a)1400400First1.53.021.5Second0.00.00.0First0.00.00.0Second0.00.00.0MF3MF4W4W5WllIsomate-C+ 4003 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.20Conventional 25.5 0.0 0.0 0.13Isomate-C 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Isomate-C+ 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Isomate-C+ 400 1.0(2) 0.0(0) 0.0 0.0Isomate-C+ 400 8.0 0.0 0.13 0.13Isomate-C 800, 4004 11.0 (16) 4.0(3) 0.56 0.33Isomate-C+ 800,40c)4 20.0 (87) 1.0(3) 0.42 0.56Isomate-C+ 800,400 6.0 1.0 0.14 0.23800,4004800,40049.0 (29)22.02.0 (2)10.50.880.09Isomate-CIsomate-C+Isomate-CIsomate-C+ConventionalIsomate-CIsomate-C+Conventional400,200400,2004004001.0(6)4.0(1)59.30.0(1)0.0 (0)38.38.0 (23)9.0 (48)22.02.0 (10)3.0 (22)19.00.090.140.00.190.890.02.293.070.09d/a = dispensers per acre.Capture ofmoths inPherocon 1CP traps baited with codlemone at a dosage of10 mg (pheromone treated orchards)or 1mg (non-pheromone treated orchards) and placed within the fruiting canopy of the tree, 1.5-2 meters. In someblocks, additional 10 mg baited traps were placed in the upper canopy (within 1meter of the top of the canopy).Moth catch high in the canopy is shown in parentheses.Pheromone treatment was supplemented with at least one application of azinphosmethyl.Pheromone treatment was supplemented with multiple applications of ryania.67

Chemical control : codling moth, Cydia pomonella L.

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Chemical control : codling moth, Cydia pomonella L.

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