Christianson, Brad

Goehry, Mark

Knight, Alan

Undetermined

ScholarsArchive@OSU

7. Mating Disruption/SIRARE PUFFERS AS GOOD AS HAND-APPLIED DISPENSERS FORMATING DISRUPTIONOF CODLING MOTHANDOBLIQUE BANDED LEAFROLLER?Alan Knight andBradChristianson andMark GoehryUSDA-ARS, 5230Konnowac PassRoad, Wapato, WA98951Apple pest management in the United States is in aprocess of redefining itself. The tools used to control codling moth,Cydiapomonella (L.), are changing and the future availability ofbroad spectrum neuroactive insecticides is in question.New selective materials that will partially offset this loss may soon be registered. Meanwhile, adoption ofmatingdisruption (MD) of codling moth has increased steadily since its registration in 1991, and currently, 25% of the appleacreage in Washington is treated with sex pheromones. Yet, MD is not asilver bullet and remains alimited technology,due to problems in distributing the pheromone throughout the orchard (problem spots are: edges, slopes, windy areas,uneven canopies, etc.), in effectively controlling moderate to high moth population densities, and due to its higher costthan traditional tools. Grower surveys have shown that on most acreage treated with MD supplemental broad spectruminsecticides are applied which likely reduces the potential benefits from biological control. Further improvements in theefficacy ofMD for codling moth are needed, while further reducing itscost.New technology is needed to reduce the cost ofmating disruption, increase grower's flexibility in integrating thisapproach with other tactics, and improving its effectiveness. Various studies are in progress to develop the use ofparaffinic emulsions, sprayable formulations, 'attract and kill' formulations, and aerosol puffers. These products willallow growers to better manage their use ofpheromones both spatially and temporally. The puffer technology appearsparticularly attractive due to its ease of application and high level of flexibility. Puffers can be programmed to releasepheromone at preselected rates, frequency, and time periods. The initial development of this technology used 1-2puffers per acre arranged around the perimeter of the treated orchard. However, results in various walnuts, apple, andpear orchards were mixed. My studies beginning in 1998 have used adifferent approach that is much more costeffective and may avoid the difficulty of distributing pheromone around the orchard's perimeter. In 1998 a50 acreapple orchard in Malott was treated with a10 m-band of Isomate-C+ dispensers at the full rate around its perimeter andthen one puffer per hectare (2.5 acres) was deployed internally. Codling moth pressure surrounding the Malott orchardwas high to moderate (32 moths were caught in an adjoining, upwind orchard treated with Isomate-C+). Within thepuffer-treated orchard alow level of injury (0.1 -0.2%) occurred only on the upwind edge. This edge (6 rows) wassprayed with two organophosphate applications and the remainder of the orchard was free of injury and was leftunsprayed.In 1999 astudy was conducted using replicated 40 acre orchards that compared this puffer arrangement against Isomatedispensers at either 400 or 200 dispensers per acre. No difference was found among these three treatments. Threepuffer deployments were evaluated that involve different daily cycles ofoperation (12 or 24 h) and the frequency ofpuffing (every 15 or 30 min). All of the puffer settings for codling moth were similar to the two Isomate dispenserdensities tested (Table 1). However, the 12 hcycle ofoperation (3 PM to 3AM) every 15 min appeared to be moreeffective for the oblique banded leafroller (Table 2). This is also the current use of puffers in California for codlingmoth. The cost ofthis puffer program is expected to be similar to the cost ofusing ahalf rate ofIsomate-C+ (200dispensers per acre) and has amuch lower application cost. Additional studies are needed to assess the effectiveness ofthis puffer use strategy and to evaluate its use in combination with sprayable pheromone and 'attract and kill'formulations. Recent studies by Steve Welter suggest that an optimal puffer deployment may not be a grid but shouldconsider theprimary wind direction in theorchard.In the second study, three grower's orchards were managed with the use of puffers and border application of hand-applied dispensers. Orchards were monitored by aprivate consultant with lure-baited traps and levels offruit injurywere assessed atharvest. Fruit from codling moth and obliquebanded leafroller averaged 0.24 and 0.12%, respectively(Table 3). These levels of fruit injury were acceptable based on the high pest pressure in these orchards.103Table 1. Average moth catches per trap from replicated 40 acre orchards treated with either puffers with aborder ofTreatmentTime period / puffer settingMoths per trapper day1 mg lureMoths per trapper day10 mg lureIsomate 200 17May to 1 July- 0.75Isomate 400 7.5mgpuff, 24 h perday- 0.63Puffers every 30 min- 0.72Isomate 200 7 July to 27 July- 1.45Isomate 400 7.5mgpuff,24 h per day- 1.60Puffers every 15 min- 1.67Isomate 200 3 August to 25 August 0.30 1.44Isomate 400 7.5 mgpuff, 12h per day 0.31 1.20Puffers every 15 min 0.30 1.22Isomate 200 1 Sept to 22 Sept 0.26 0.79Isomate 400 7.5mgpuff,24 h per day 0.23 0.74Puffers every 30 min 0.24 0.73TOTALS for SEASON Isomate 200 0.28 1.11Isomate 400 0.27 1.04TaVkia'y r/.mn»m.n. ^.li:Puffers 0.27 1.09•*u iaL x*. ~«,» Y-.*. r r «-««* vmmw uaFi m icpiiiuieu *u acre orcnaras treatedeither with puffers or 200 or 400 Isomate-Special dispensers. Puffer settings were 7.5 mg puffs for 12 or 24 hper day andMean mothcapture per trap perdayTreatment 6/8 - 7/124 h - 30 min7/7 - 7/2724 h - 15 min8/3 - 8/2512 h - 15 min9/01 - 9/2224 h - 30 minIsomateCM/LR200 per acre 0.15 0.26 0.16 0.36IsomateCM/LR400 per acre 0.10 0.28 0.12 0.28Puffers 0.32 0.24 0.09 0.20• « j—j «*• »—-«"5 "«»« ««« vun^uc uauueu leairoiier in tnree replicated 40rCM/T°pfartS !r,a";d T/tb PUfferS PfUS ab°rder treatment °fInmate CM/LR, Isomate C+ for codling moth only, or IsomateCM Dispenser OBLR DispenserSeason-long CMcatch per trapSeason-long OBLRcatch per trap% CM fruitinjury% OBLRfruit injuryCM/LR CM/LR 1.8 2.5 0.01 0.10C+ none 2.3 32.2 0.08 1.37Puffers Puffers-- 0.24 0.1210h

Are puffers as good as hand-applied dispensers for mating disruption of codling moth and oblique banded leafroller?

https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/downloads/kh04dw74d

Are puffers as good as hand-applied dispensers for mating disruption of codling moth and oblique banded leafroller?

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

ScholarsArchive@OSU