Brunner, Jay F.

Curkovic, Tomislav M.

Undetermined

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Section 4- Chemical controlRESIDUAL EFFECT OF SIRENE® AGAINST CODLING MOTH,OBLIQUEBANDED LEAFROLLER, AND PANDEMIS LEAFROLLERTomislav M. Curkovic and J. F. BrunnerWSU-Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center1100 N. Western AveWenatchee, WA 98801INTRODUCTION. Attract and Kill (A+K) is a relatively new technique that controlpests using a mix of synthetic sex pheromones and insecticides. There are A+Kformulations (as Sirene®) for Pectinophora gossypiella. Cydia pomonella (CM),Heliothis spp, Spodoptera littoralis. and other species. Sirene-CM is applied as drops onthe branches, avoiding contamination of the fruits and damage to benefitial arthropods. Itis also economically competitive with Mating Disruption technique, becoming in aninteresting alternative for control of moths. Sirene-CM attracts adults due to thepheromone present in the formulation. Once it occurs the physical contact between themix and the males, they die due to the insecticide activity. The grease formulation ofSirene it allows the chemicals to persist for long periods. Therefore, the objectives of thisresearch were: 1) to develop a bioassay for the insecticide activity of Sirene against adultmales; 2) to evaluate residual effect of Sirene-CM against codling moth, oblique bandedleafroller (OBLR), and pandemis leafroller (PLR), under conditions in centralWashington.BIOASSAY METHODS FOR ADULT MOTHS The responses from adult moths toinsecticide have not been well studied in many species. Some methods described in theliterature are: the residual film-method; topical application; flight tunnel test. Somelimitations of these methods are: no control/accuracy of insecticide exposure orindividual dosage; use of chilling treatment or anesthesia (C02); difficulty to handleinsects; difficulty to use with small species. Another method is the vacuum methoddescribed for small insects as flies. This latter method avoids the potentially negativephysiological effects anesthesia could have on test organisms and provides an easyhandling method, even with relatively small species. In addition, it can be modified tomimic the real action of Sirene in the field, allowing control of the time and number ofcontacts with the pesticide, even when the individual dosage is unknown.METHODOLOGY. Sirene-CM drops were applied on apple tree branches, protectedwith a wire mesh screen, and left under field conditions 0,10,20, 30,40, 50, and 60 days.Pieces of branches were cut, put into a styrofoam piece, and stored at less than -14° C.Immediately before the bioassay, samples were held at 25° C for 20 minutes and thenfanned for 5 minutes. Pupae were obtained from the Wapato-USDA (CM) and TFREC-WSU (OBLR and PLR) colonies, sexed, and kept under 16:8=L:D; 60-68% HR, and25°C (chamber conditions), until adults emergence which were supplied with honeywater solution. Only 1-3days old male adultswere used for the bioassay, taking at least25 moths per replication/Sirene field aged sample. Immediately before the bioassay, thecups with moths were kept in a ice bath (10-15°C), allowing an easier capture of mothsby their pronotum with the vaccum device. Every sample was brought close to the moth55until contact with at least one leg was observed. Then, they were left individually in aplastic cup under chamber conditions and supplied with honey water solution untilassessments. Knock down, mortality, and leg autotomy (lh,24h) were recordedPreliminary Bfifflitta, The check treatment (handled, but no Sirene) demonstrated that thebioassay was non harmful for CM, OBLR, and PLR males as no mortaUty (evaluated at24n) was observed. Recent observations ofSirene control (handled and contact withSirene -no pheromone and insecticide-) also demonstrated non harmful for CM Usingaged-Sirene samples, mortality between species was greater than 94% and 68% forSrrene 0-day and 20-day aged-Sirene sample, respectively. Knock down was greater'than97% with the 0-day aged-Sirene but declined to 77% (for PLR exposed to 20-day ased-Sirene). Evaluations of the full range of aged-Sirene samples are yet to be completedFollowing completion of all samples, data will be subjected to statystical analysis Thesepreliminary results appear to be unique as similar reports were not found during anextensive literature search. Leg autotomy, an external stimulus induced self-amputationof legs, was observed for males of CM, OBLR, and PLR. Between 37% and 70% of theindividuals dropped one or more legs by the 24h evaluation. The values for the respectivechecks averaged less than 9.5% at the same evaluation period. This phenomenon hasbeen thought to be abehavioral response to escape from predators; to stop hemorrhageor to reduce the spread of a toxicant in some arthropods. It has been observed using theresidual film method for adult of Diamondback moth. Since Sirene depends on thecontact between the moth and product, leg autotomy might become in areducing factorfor its activity. 6Effects of Sirene on OBLROds 10ds 20 dsAged Sirene sample56Check• Knock Down 1ho Mortality 24hn Autotomy1hp Autotomy24h

Residual effect of Sirene® against codling moth, obliquebanded leafroller, and Pandemis leafroller

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Residual effect of Sirene® against codling moth, obliquebanded leafroller, and Pandemis leafroller

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