Published September 1963. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalo

Oregon State University. Agricultural Experiment Station

Yungen, John A. (John Alfred)

Undetermined

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Wheat, Oat, and Barley Varieties Seated at The Southern Oregon Experiment Station Circular of Information 620 September 1963 Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Corvallis Performance of Wheat, Oat, and Barley Varieties Tested at the Southern Oregon Experiment Station JOHN A. YUNGEN* Results of cereal variety trials conducted at the Southern Oregon Experiment Station from 1954 through 1962 are summarized in this publication.   The trials were conducted on two soil types representative of much of the land used for cereal production in the area. These soils are Medford fine sandy loam and Medford gravelly clay loam. Yields and certain agronomic characteristics of the varieties are presented.   Brief discussions of recommended varieties are presented to help growers decide which variety might best fit a particular situation.   This publication is intended to supplement Circular of Information 575, Cereal Variety Recommendations for Oregon. RESULTS Yields and agronomic characteristics of varieties tested are summarized in Tables 1 through 6.   The first variety listed in each table is the check or comparison variety.   The number of years for which yields were summarized is given.   Yields are shown both in bushels per acre and pounds per acre.   Test weights are given in pounds per bushel and plant heights in inches. The relatively mild winters in Jackson and Josephine counties usually make it possible to seed certain spring cereal varieties in the fall.   For example, Wocus barley, Park oats, and Lemhi 53 wheat are spring varieties which are often fall-seeded in the area with success.   For this reason, many of the cereal varieties appear in tables for both spring - and fall-seeded crops. Table 1.   Average Yields, Test Weights, and Plant Heights of Barley Varieties Spring-Seeded at Medford Variety Years tested Yield Test weight Plant height Bu. /A. Lbs./A. Lbs./bu. Inches Trebi 8 74.5 3,576 48.1 33 Atlas 46 8 62.0 2,976 44.6 32 Bonneville 7 66.6 3,197 44.3 33 Velvon 7 66.3 3,182 47.1 35 Hannchen 6 66.8 3,206 52.0 32 Vale 4 67.3 3,230 44.7 32 Wocus 3 69.6 3,341 44.0 34 Firlbeck's IE 3 68.6 3,293 51.4 30 Hiland 3 65.8 3,158 46.1 30 Belford 2 59.6 2,861 42.5 34 *The author is Assistant Professor of Agronomy, Oregon State University; Southern Oregon Experiment Station, Medford. Table 2.   Average Yields, Test Weights, and Plant Heights of Barley Varieties Fall-Seeded at Medford Variety Years tested Yield Test weight Plant height Bu. /A. Lbs./A. Lbs./bu. Inches Cascade 9 64.3 3,086 49.2 37 Bonneville 8 59.2 2,842 46.7 39 Alpine 6 53.6 2,573 47.4 36 Winter Club 6 52.3 2,510 45.1 35 Velvon 6 48.2 2,314 48.7 35 Trebi 3 64.2 3,082 50.9 35 Wocus 3 78.2 3,754 49.2 36 Olympia 3 60.1 2,885 50.9 39 Belford 3 63.8 3,062 47.0 35 Vale 3 48.1 2,309 47.1 37 Atlas 46 2 48.7 2,338 50.2 37 Table 3.   Average Yields, Test Weights, and Plant Heights of Wheat Varieties Spring-Seeded at Medford Variety Years tested Yield Test weight Plant height Bu. /A. Lbs./A. Lbs./bu. Inches Lemhi 53 7 49.1 2,946 58.5 43 White Federation 38 7 46.8 2,808 58.9 40 Onas 53 4 49.1 2,946 58.8 40 Awned Onas 3 50.4 3,024 59.6 40 SW5 3 47.6 2,856 58.5 42 Lemhi 3 49.7 2,982 58.8 42 Baart 46 1 42.9 2,574 60.0 46 Henry 1 47.0 2,820 59.6 43 Federation 1 38.8 2,328 59.0 41 Table 4.   Average Yields, Test Weights, and Plant Heights of Wheat Varieties Fall-Seeded at Medford Variety Years tested Yield Test weight Plant height Bu. /A. Lbs./A. Lbs./bu. Inches White Federation 38 9 43.7 2,622 59.7 44 Omar 7 51.1 3,066 59.9 43 Redmond 6 45.7 2,742 56.4 43 Nord Desprez 5 54.5 3,270 57.6 39 Lemhi 53 5 47.3 2,838 59.2 48 Druchamp 5 48.1 2,886 57.5 39 Staring 5 53.1 3,186 57.4 44 SW5 5 52.5 3,150 60.0 48 Burt 3 52.6 3,156 60.4 39 Gaines 2 57.2 3,432 58.4 32 Table 5.   Average Yields, Test Weights, and Plant Heights of Oat Varieties Spring-Seeded at Medford Variety Years tested Yield Test weight Plant height Bu. /A. - Lbs./A. Lbs./bu. Inches Carleton 8 82A 2,637 32.8 42 Winema 8 84.1 2,691 32.1 37 Centore 6 82.4 2,637 32.0 40 Park 6 79.5 2,544 33.0 40 Cody 4 82.5 2,640 33.3 37 Overland 4 74.4 2,381 33.8 41 Shasta 4 56.1 1,795 31.6 46 Victory 4 62.3 1,994 32.1 47 Curt 3 84.6 2,707 33.2 33 Table 6. Average Yields, Test Weights, and Plant Heights of Oat Varieties Fall-Seeded at Medford Variety Years tested Yield Test weight Plant height Bu. /A. - Lbs./A. Lbs./bu. Inches Crater 9 87.1 2,787 33.9 44 Grey Winter 9 76.1 2,435 34.1 44 Carleton 6 73.7 2,358 36.0 38 Black Swedish 5 78.4 2,509 38.0 49 Support 5 80.8 2,586 35.0 45 Park 4 84.1 2,691 36.5 39 Winema 3 71.5 2,288 34.6 38 Curt 2 55.3 1,770 34.6 28 DISCUSSION Spring Barley Trebi is a 6-row, rough-awned spring barley that has been the highest yielding barley tested.   It threshes cleanly and the test weight of the grain is usually quite high.   It has a weak straw so that lodging has been a problem under favorable growing conditions.   Trebi. has also performed well in trials when it was seeded in the fall. Atlas 46 is a 6-row, rough-awned, early-maturing spring barley that has generally yielded less than Trebi, Velvon, and Wocus under conditions favorable for these varieties. However, it can often be seeded later than other recommended varieties and still perform satisfactorily.   Its yield as a fall-seeded barley has been low. Bonneville is a 6-row, smooth-awned, late-maturing spring barley with stiff straw. Late plantings or plantings made on poor soils, under dryland conditions, have resulted in poorly developed, hard-to-thresh heads and grain of low test weight.    It has yielded fairly well when it was seeded in the fall.   It is very susceptible to yellow dwarf virus disease.   This variety has been largely replaced by Wocus. Velvon is a 6-row, smooth-awned spring barley that has performed well in trials. It threshes well and its test weight has been relatively high.   It has a weak straw and lodging has occurred under favorable growing conditions.   It has some tolerance to yellow dwarf virus disease.   Its yield in fall-seeded trials has been low. Hannchen is a 2-row, rough-awned, malting type spring barley that has yielded well and has had the highest test weight of any variety tested.   It has lodged under favorable growing conditions. Vale is a 6-row, smooth-awned spring barley with a stiff straw.   It is quite similar in appearance to Bonneville.   Its yield has been low in fall-seeded trials. Wocus is a 6-row, smooth-awned spring barley with stiff straw.   Wocus has performed well in spring cereal trials, and it has been the highest yielding barley in the fall-seeded trials.   It has replaced Bonneville as a recommended variety for fall and early spring seeding. Firlbeck's in is a 2-row, rough-awned spring barley that has yielded well and has had a high test weight in trials.   While it is similar to Hannchen in appearance, it appears to be slightly less subject to lodging. Hiland is a 6-row, semi-smooth-awned spring barley with fairly stiff straw.   It is early to medium early in maturity and resistant to loose smut. Belford is a 6-row, hooded spring barley that is suitable for hay production.   While its yield performance in spring trials has been low, it has yielded well in fall-seeded trials. It lodges quite easily. Winter Barley Cascade is a 6-row, rough-awned, early-maturing winter barley that has yielded well and has had a high test weight. It threshes cleanly, but it lodges under favorable growing conditions. Alpine is a 6-row, rough-awned winter barley with moderately stiff straw.   Its yield has been quite low in trials.   It generally has a small kernel that is more adapted to grind- ing than to rolling for livestock-feeding purposes. Winter Club is a 6-row, rough-awned winter barley.   Its yield has been rather low in trials. Olympia is a 6-row, rough-awned winter barley. It has yielded quite well, and it has had the highest test weight of the varieties tested. Spring Wheat Lemhi 53 is a medium-tall, beardless, soft white spring wheat that has yielded well in spring-seeded trials.   Although early planting is desirable, it seems to tolerate slightly later planting than White Federation 38.   It responds well to irrigation.   It has performed quite well as a fall-seeded wheat in station trials. 5 White Federation 38 is a beardless, white-chaffed, early-maturing white spring wheat. Onas 53 is a bearded, white spring wheat whose performance has been about equal to Lemhi 53. Awned Onas is a bearded, white spring wheat very similar in appearance and in perform- ance to Onas 53. SW 5 is a local selection of a beardless, soft white spring wheat that has yielded well and has had a satisfactory test weight.   It has yielded well in fall-seeded trials, but lodging has been a problem because of its rather weak straw. Lemhi is similar to Lemhi 53 except that it has less resistance to stem rust. Baart 46 is a tall, bearded, white-chaffed hard white spring wheat.   It is subject to lodging under favorable growing conditions. Henry is a bearded, hard red spring wheat with fairly stiff straw. Federation is a beardless, brown-chaffed, soft white spring wheat. Winter Wheat Omar is a brown-chaffed, medium-tall, white club winter wheat that is recommended for fall planting.   It is resistant to nearly all races of common smut. Redmond is a beardless, white-chaffed, soft white winter wheat with stiff straw.   Its test weight has been quite low. Nord Desprez is a stiff-strawed, soft red winter wheat that has yielded well in trials, but its test weight has generally been low. Druchamp is a beardless, soft white winter wheat with stiff straw.   It has yielded quite well, but its test weight has been low. Staring is a stiff-strawed, soft white winter wheat that has yielded well in trials, but its test weight has generally been low. Burt is a bearded, white-chaffed, hard white winter wheat.   It has performed well during its trial period.   It is quite winter-hardy and has a moderately stiff straw. Gaines is a bearded, stiff-strawed, semi-dwarf, soft white wheat that has been the highest yielding variety in the two years it has been in the trials.   It is moderately suscep- tible to stripe rust but resistant to most races of common smut.   It can efficiently utilize high rates of nitrogen fertilizer without lodging. Spring Oats Carleton is a medium tall, white spring oat that has yielded well in trials and can be used for grain or hay. Winema is a yellow spring oat of medium height that has yielded well in trials.   It is quite leafy and is a desirable oat for hay. Centore is a yellow spring oat that has performed in about the same manner as Carleton. Park is a white spring oat of medium height that has a short, plump kernel that is well-adapted to rolling. Cody is a short-strawed oat that has yielded well and is well-adapted to irrigation. Overland is a white spring oat that has a short, plump kernel much like that of Park. Shasta is a tall, late-maturing white spring oat that is well-adapted for hay production. Victory is a tall, late-maturing white spring oat that can be grown for hay. Curt is a short, stiff-strawed, red oat that has given the highest yield of the varieties tested.   It is quite tolerant of yellow dwarf virus. Winter Oats Crater is a grey winter oat that has given the highest yields of the varieties in the trials.   It has a slightly stiffer straw than Grey Winter and is suited for use as a hay variety with vetch or field peas.   It usually matures about five days earlier than Grey Winter. Grey Winter is a grey winter oat that has been largely replaced by Crater. Black Swedish is a tall, wide-leafed winter oat with a black kernel of high test weight. It is adapted for hay production although it lodges more easily than Crater. Support is a grey winter oat that was selected for slightly greater straw strength than Grey Winter. METHODS The cereal tests were conducted using the following procedures and techniques: 1. A randomized block design with at least four replications was used for each experiment. 2. Each plot consisted of three rows spaced 12 inches apart and the rows were either 18 or 22 feet in length. 3. At harvest, a 16-or 20-foot section of the center row of each plot was cut and threshed for yield and test weight determination. 4. Fertilizers were broadcast during seedbed preparation.   Generally, nitrogen was applied at 40 to 60 pounds per acre and sulfur at 20 to 30 pounds per acre. Phosphate and potash were applied whenever soil tests indicated their need. Seedbed preparation was carried out with regular field equipment in the usual manner. 5.   Seeding dates were usually within the following ranges: Winter varieties - October 10 to November 15. Spring varieties - February 20 to March 20. Results reflect averages of from one to nine years of variety testing.   Yields can vary greatly with any variety from year to year, depending upon soil and climatic conditions. Management was kept as uniform as possible from year to year. Where different varieties were grown for a different number of years, the performance of each variety was first expressed as a percentage of the check variety for the same period of years.   This percentage was then multiplied by the full-term value of the check variety to obtain comparable figures.   For example, Trebi was the check variety for spring barley in.Table 1 and yielded 74.5 bushels per acre from 1955 through 1962.   WocuS yielded 45.3 bushels per acre from 1960 through 1962, while Trebi yielded 48.5 bushels per acre during the same period.   Therefore Wocus yielded 93.4% of Trebi during the three-year period (45.3 + 48.5= 93.4%).   When this is multiplied by the yield of Trebi over an eight-year period (93.4% x 74.5 =69.6), the average yield of Wocus becomes 69.6 bushels per acre. Data reported for each variety, regardless of number of years grown, are considered to be on a comparable basis. 

Performance of wheat, oat, and barley varieties tested at the Southern Oregon Experiment Station

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Performance of wheat, oat, and barley varieties tested at the Southern Oregon Experiment Station

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