DeFrancesco, Joseph T.

Dreves, Amy J.

Marcus, Monica

Undetermined

ScholarsArchive@OSU

Monica MarcusBS Bioresource ResearchPest Biology & Management Option Entomology MinorBait & Trap Design Preferences for Drosophila suzukiiMentors:Dr. Amy J. Dreves, Crop & Soil Science Department, OSUJoe DeFrancesco, Integrated Plant Protection Center, Horticulture Department, OSUThesis Outline• What is Spotted Wing Drosophila?• Distribution & Impact• Management• Research Objectives• Materials & Methods• Results & Conclusions• Future ResearchWhat is Spotted Wing Drosophila?• Drosophila suzukii• Spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) in North America/Europe; Cherry Drosophila in Japan• New invasive vinegar fly• Agricultural pest: small & stone fruits• Cherries, caneberries, blueberries, strawberries & more!SWD IdentificationPhoto courtesy of A.J. Dreves, Oregon State University Male SWDPhoto courtesy of A. Ohrn, Oregon State UniversityField ID of malesFemale SWDPhoto courtesy of A. Ohrn, Oregon State UniversityOvipositorPhotos courtesy M. Hauser, CDFAD. simulansD. suzukiiFigure courtesy B. Gerdemen, WSUGlobal DistributionUSA Distribution• 2011• 2012• 2013• 2008• 2009• 2010Hawaii: 1980’sWhy do we care about SWD?Photo courtesy E. Beers, Washington State University Photo courtesy A.J. Dreves, Oregon State UniversityWhy do we care about SWD?Oregon 2012• 29,450 acres of blueberries, caneberries, & cherries• ~$236.3 million Farm-gate value USDA-National Agricultural Statistics Service, Non-citrus Fruits and Nuts Summary 2012 Registered Insecticides• Carbamates: Carbaryl• Organophosphates: Malathion• Spinosyns: Entrust, Success• Pyrethrins/ Zeta-cypermethrinGrower ResponseDangers of using one toolPhoto courtesy A. Ohrn, Oregon State University• Non target organisms• SWD Resistance• Pesticide treadmillIntegrated Pest Management (IPM)17Multiple tool approach• Harvest frequently• Mass Trap (Kanzawa 1934, Navarro-Llopis 2008, Broumas et al 2002, Delrio 1989, Wu et al. 1997, Qunsong, Li 2003)• Attract & Kill (Deyou, Li 2005, McQuate et al. 2005)• Timing chemical treatments (Havalind & Beers 2012)• Net plants (Kawase et al 2005)• Monitoring for Presence & ControlAttractive Trap AttributesRed Yellow Black White ClearMore Attractive Less AttractiveBasoalto et al. (2013)Lee et al. (2012, 2013)Maimon & Straw (2008) Attractive Trap AttributesModerate to low volume below entry/exit holesMarek 2012Research ObjectivesContribute to the development IPM tools for D. suzukii, including detection and eradication1. Test Baitsa) High captures b) Specificity to SWDc) Female appeal2. Improve Trap Design for monitoring adult presence• What is Spotted Wing Drosophila?• Distribution & Impact• Management• Research Objectives• Materials & MethodsBaitTrap Design• Results & Conclusions• Future ResearchSite 1: Blueberry, cultivar SpartanCha-LandoltS. cerevisiaeH. uvarumBioLure®Chinkiang VinegarTorula Yeast PelletApple Cider Vinegar (5%) ControlSuzukii Trap® Not pictured: Monterey Insect Bait•9 baits; 10 m •4 replications; 40 m•160 – 175 mL bait•Serviced & rotated weeklyStandard BaitApple Cider VinegarUnofficial Standard Bait+Saccharomyces cerevisiae SugarA better yeast?Hanseniaspora uvarum Hanging lure with drowning solution“Cha-Landolt” BaitCommercial Baits Torula Yeast PelletsSuzukii Trap® baitNot Pictured: BioLure®, Monterey Insect Bait®Chinkiang VinegarChinkiang VinegarSite 2: Wild Himalaya blackberry•Top 4 baits; 10 m apart•4 replications; 40 m apart•175 mL bait•Serviced & rotated weekly• 9 baits• 4 replications• Serviced & rotated weeklySite 3: Early Burlette CherryJana Lee, USDA-ARS Hort Research Unit, Corvallis OR• 6 baits: ACV, Biolure®,   S. cerevisiae, Monterey Insect Bait®, Suzukii Trap® bait, Torula yeast pellets• 3 replications; 9 m apart• Serviced & rotated weeklySite 4: Raspberry Colleen Burrows, WSU Whatcom County Extension, WA• What is Spotted Wing Drosophila?• Distribution & Impact• Management• Research Objectives• Materials & MethodsBait • Materials & MethodsTrap Design• Results & Conclusions• Future ResearchSite: Wild Himalaya blackberry• 8 trap designs; 3 m• 4 replications; 40 m• S. cerevisiae yeast/sugar/water baitPulleysA & B (25’)24m’REP 1REP 2REP 3REP 4Close-up of Wild Himalaya blackberryGoogle Earth• What is Spotted Wing Drosophila?• Distribution & Impact• Management• Research Objectives• Materials & Methods• Results & ConclusionsBait Trap Design • Future ResearchMean SWD (±SE) per trap2013 Bait Results in BlueberryHarvestF-test: 6.78 p-value: <0.0001acdbcdabcabF-test: 7.99p-value: <0.0001acbcabab2013 Bait Results in BlackberryPost-HarvestMean SWD (±SE) per trap2013 Bait Results in CherryHarvestaPost-Harvestabbcdabcdab babcF-test: 11.44p-value: <0.0001F-test: 10.23p-value: <0.0001Mean SWD (±SE) per trapaF-test: 52.55p-value: <0.0001F-test: 3.256p-value: 0.01bababbbacc cbbc2013 Bait Results in RaspberryMean SWD (±SE)/trap/weekHarvestEarly Season• Chinkiang vinegar• Apple cider vinegarVinegar Comparison: Early Season  • Chinkiang vinegar• Apple cider vinegarVinegar Comparison: Harvest • Chinkiang vinegar• Apple cider vinegarVinegar Comparison: Post-HarvestComparison of Yeast Bait: Early Season • H. uvarum• S. cerevisiae • Torula yeast pelletComparison of Yeast Bait: Harvest • H. uvarum• S. cerevisiae• Torula yeast pelletsChinkiang VinegarPre-Season Late SeasonHarvestWeather• Mean D. suzukii• Mean other Drosophila spp.Commercial Specificity to SWDPre-Season Late SeasonHarvestSuzukii Trap®Cha-LandoltApple Cider Vinegar• What is Spotted Wing Drosophila?• Distribution & Impact• Management• Research Objectives• Materials & Methods• Results & ConclusionsBait• Results & ConclusionsTrap Design • Future ResearchREP 1bREP 2bREP 3aREP 4aREP 1aREP 2abREP 3cREP 4bcEarly Season Hot SpotLate Season ShiftF = 29.4; df = 3; p value: <0.0001F = 9.08; df = 3; p value: <0.0001Seasonal Trap Catch:Early SeasonF test: 1.39df = 7 p-value: 0.0741n= 192No Significant DifferenceSeasonal Trap Catch:Mid-season F test: 14.68df = 7p-value: < 0.0001n= 192abaabcdabcd abcdebcdSeasonal Trap Catch:Late SeasonF test: 6.73df = 3p-value: <0.0004n= 80ababbaTrap DesignResults – Trap DesignF value: 9.69p-value < 0.00037Clear 20-Hole Volume lab studyvs. 48.61 + 5.66 25.78 ± 5.10Attractive Trap Design AttributesLarge volume above entry/exit holesModerate to low volume below entry/exit holesA problem with the attractive trap designsNot Dead!Addition of Killing Agent663.8 +/- 140.4 318.3 +/- 48.1F test: 20.31; df = 1; p value: < 0,0003The addition of a killing agent in “Squatty Botty©” fly trap significantly increased trap catch62PBESA Tucson 2014F-test: 3.45p-value: <0.07F-test: 19.46p-value: <0.0001Take Home Message• Chinkiang vinegar, Suzukii Trap®, H. uvarum show potential• Cha-Landolt lure with high specificity• Importance of trap placement• Headspace and volume are key Future Research• Attract and Kill• Mass trapping• Testing commercial lures66Thank You’sDr. Amy J DrevesJoe DeFrancescoDr. Kate FieldWanda CrannellSWAT: Amanda Ohrn, Jamie Christenson, and Annika GabrielGrower collaborators Dr. James OsborneJana Lee, Adam Cave & USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research CorvallisColleen Burrows, Washington State University Whatcom County ExtensionCrop and Soil Science DepartmentE.R. Jackman InternshipNIFA-USDA-SCRI 2010-51181-2116767Questions?

Bait & Trap Design Preferences for Drosophila suzukii

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Bait & Trap Design Preferences for Drosophila suzukii

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