Landolt, Peter J.

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Section 1. Thresholds and MonitoringIMPROVEMENTS IN FEEDING ATTRACTANTS FOR NOCTUID MOTH PESTS.Peter J. LandoltUSDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd. Wapato, WA 98951Many species ofmoths, including pest moths of tree fruit crops, are attracted to fermentedsweet baits. These baits have included various concoctions ofbrown sugar, fruit mashes,molasses, beer, and yeast. Although attractive, these baits are extremely variable inattractiveness, both in time and from batch to batch. The combination of acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol (isoamyl alcohol), isolated from the odors of fermented molasses andjaggerysolutions, was found to be attractive to both sexes of several species ofNoctuidae found inNorthwest apple orchards. This discoveryprovides the potential to develop more efficacious anddependable lures for use in monitoringmoth activity in orchards and other crops. At this time,these pests includeLacanobia subjuncta, Mamestra configurata, axi&Xestia c-nigrum.Currently, L. subjunctaaccounts formost of the "cutworm"or "fruitworm"damage to applefruitin easternWashingtonand is a seriousdefoliator, whileX c-nigrum, the spotted cutworm, candamage leaf and flower buds early in the Spring.A wet trap had beenused for capturing thesemoths attracted to acetic acid and 3-methyl-1-butanol (AA-IAA lure), with acetic acidformulated in the drowning solution and3-methyl-l-butanol released from a polyethylene dispenser mounted insidethe trap (Landolt2000). Thistrapping system is problematic in that trapped moths are difficult to identify, decomposinginsects alter the odor chemistry anddecrease attractiveness, and themethodof dispensingattractants does not permit release rate optimization.An alternative design hasbeendeveloped, incorporating a different method of dispensingthe attractantfrom a dry trap (LandoltandAlfaro 2001). A series ofexperimentswere conductedto determine the rate of release of the two co-attractants froma dispenser, to compare theattractiveness of the AA-IAA lure at different release rates and at different ratios, and then tocompare the efficacy ofdifferent trap designs in capturing attracted moths. In this modified andimprovedsystem, acetic acidand 3-methyl-l-butanol are releasedfrom separate polypropylenevials, with a 3 mm diameter hole in each vial lid to permit the evaporation of the chemical. Thesetwo vials are placed insidethe bucketof theUniversal moth trap, alongwithVaportape to killattracted moths. The rateof release of bothchemicals from this systemwas found to be nearlyconstant over a period of28 days, with no decrease in release rate over time. Because moths arenormallydry in the trap and are killedquicklyby the Vaportape, identification of specimens ismuch easier and there is little decomposition.This trapping system, using theAA-IAA lure dispensed frompolypropylene vials inUniTraps, was used in a season-long study in several habitats, bothto determine what non-targetinsects are trapped andtomore broadly determine what other pestspecies the lure andtrap mightbe usedagainst. To date, nearly 100 species of Noctuidae, 3 Thyatiridae, 3 Pyralidae, and1Tortricidae havebeen captured in thesetraps, including manyspecies of cutworms andarmyworms. In an appleorchard, the moths capturedwere nearlyprincipally L. subjuncta, M.configurata, andX. c-nigrum untilmidSeptember, when several species ofEuxoa were trapped.15ReferencesLandolt, P. 2000. New chemical attractants for trapping Lacanobia subjuncta, Mamestraconfigurata, mdXestia c-nigrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Econ. Entomol.93: 101-106.Landolt, P. J. and J. Alfaro. 2001. Trapping Lacanobia subjuncta, Xestia c-nigrum andMamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with acetic acid and 3-methyl-l-butanol.Environ. Entomol. (Submitted).Landolt, P. J. and P. C. Hammond. 2001. Species composition ofmoths captured in traps baitedwith acetic acid and 3-methyl-l-butanaol in Yakima County, Washington. J. Lepid. Soc.(Submitted).16

Improvements in feeding attractants for noctuid moth pests

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Improvements in feeding attractants for noctuid moth pests

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