At present, The use of robotics and automation is growing at a breathtaking speed, injecting strong momentum into economic and social development. With the acceleration of the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation, the robot industry is ushered in a window period of upgrading and changing development. The world's major industrial developed countries have taken robots as the forefront and focus of competition in the technology industry. This article mainly introduces the basic structure of industrial robots and their applications in the field of automotive assembly and pump manufacturing. It also analyzes the shortcomings of domestic robots and the current solutions

Zhao, Junhao

English

Electronics Science Technology and Application (E-Journal)

Volume 10 Issue 5-189-Application and Research of Industrial Robot Technology inIntelligent Manufacturing FieldJunhao ZhaoZhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing 312000, China.Abstract:At present, The use of robotics and automation is growing at a breathtaking speed, injecting strong momentum intoeconomic and social development. With the acceleration of the new round of technological revolution and industrialtransformation, the robot industry is ushered in a window period of upgrading and changing development. The world's majorindustrial developed countries have taken robots as the forefront and focus of competition in the technology industry. Thisarticle mainly introduces the basic structure of industrial robots and their applications in the field of automotive assemblyand pump manufacturing. It also analyzes the shortcomings of domestic robots and the current solutions.Keywords: Industrial Robot; Intelligent Manufacturing; Localization1. IntroductionIndustrial robots were first put into use in the late 1950s. In the 1960s, the development of industrial robots ushered inthe dawn period, and the simple functions of robots were further developed. By the 1990s, with the advancement anddevelopment of computer technology and intelligent technology, the second generation of robots with certain sensoryfunctions had been practicalized and began to be promoted. The third generation of intelligent robots with vision, touch,highly dexterous fingers, and walking capabilities had emerged and began to be applied [1]. In 2020, the operating revenue ofChina's robotics industry exceeded 100 billion yuan for the first time. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the output ofindustrial robots increased from 72, 000 to 212, 000, with an average annual growth rate of 31 %. From the perspective oftechnology and products, key technologies and components such as precision reducers, high-performance servo drivesystems, intelligent controllers, and intelligent integrated joints have accelerated breakthroughs, innovative achievementshave continued to emerge, the performance of the entire machine has been greatly improved, the functions have becomericher, and the quality of products has been increasingly optimized [2].2. Hardware and software architecture of industrial robot2.1 The Drive System of Industrial RobotsThe driving system is a device that provides power to the mechanical structure system. According to the different powersources, the transmission methods of the driving system can be divided into four types: hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, andmechanical. The early robot was powered by hydraulic drive. Due to the drawbacks of hydraulic system such as leakage andinstability, currently only large heavy-duty robots and robots using hydraulic drive in special occasions use pneumatic drive.Pneumatic drive has the advantages of high speed and simple system structure. However, pneumatic drive has a low workingpressure and is difficult to be precisely positioned. It is generally used for the driving of end-effectors of industrial robots.Rotating cylinders and pneumatic suction cups serve as end-effectors It can be used for grasping and assembling workpieceswith medium and small loads. Electric drive is the most commonly used driving mode, characterized by convenience, fastresponse, high driving force, convenient signal detection, transmission and processing, and a variety of flexible controlmodes can be used. Drive motors commonly adopt stepping motors or servo motors, but their cost is higher and their controlis complex [3].-190-Electronics Science Technology and Application2.2 Industrial robot's perception systemThe perception system of industrial robots converts various internal state information and environmental information ofthe robot from signals into data and information that can be understood and applied by the robot itself or between robots. Theperception system consists of internal sensor modules and external sensor modules. The use of intelligent sensors improvesthe mobility, adaptability, and intelligence level of the robot. It makes the sensor more effective than human sensory systemsin perceiving special information [4].2.3 Industrial robot's basic hardwareThe basic hardware refers to the base and the executing mechanism, including the arm, the forearm, the wrist, and thehand, which form a multi-degree-of-freedom mechanical system. Some robots also have a walking mechanism. Industrialrobots have 6 degrees of freedom or more, and the wrist typically has 1 to 3 degrees of freedom.2.4 Industrial robot's operating systemThe robot control system is the brain of the robot and is the main factor that determines its function and capabilities.The control system receives instructions from the input program and controls the drive system and executing mechanism.The main task of control technology is to control the range of motion and duration of the industrial robot's movements in theworkspace. Due to the limitations of existing general-purpose chips in terms of functionality, cost, integration, andinterfaces, there is a need for robot systems to utilize System on Chip (SoC) technology. Integrating a specific processor withthe required interfaces can simplify the design of peripheral circuits, reduce system size, and reduce costs.3. Current Situation of China Industrial Robots3.1 The localization rate of industrial robots has acceleratedSince the 13th Five-Year Plan, through continuous innovation and deepening application, China's robotics industry hasshown a good development momentum. According to the data, from 2017 to 2021, the localization rate of China's industrialrobots increased from 24.2%to 32.8%. In 2022, the localization rate of China's industrial robots reached 35 %, with marketshares of the leading domestic makers such as ESTUN and INOVANCE, respectively, at 6% and 5%. There is still muchroom for improvement in localization. The localization rate of industrial robots in 2023 is 41 %, up 9 % year on year, and thelocalization rate is accelerating [5].3.2 Rapid increase of industrial robot outputAccording to the "China Robotics Industry Development Report (2022)" [6] released at the 2022 World RobotConference, in 2021, the revenue of China's robotics industry exceeded 130 billion yuan,and the production of industrialrobots reached 366,000 units,which is 10 times higher than in 2015,making China the world’s largest market for industrialrobots.Figure1 Annual installations of industrial robotsThe new’Market presentation World Robotics shows that in 2021, China's robot installation increased by 51%, up toVolume 10 Issue 5-191-268,195 units.This is almost 52% of the global robot installation[7].“China was leading the global recovery after the Covid-19pandemic and accounted for half of worldwide robot installations in 2021.”said Marina Bill, President of the InternationalFederation of Robotics.4. The dilemma and development direction of domestic industrial robots4.1 Robots for automotive and 3C industriesAutomobile and 3C industries are the largest downstream of industrial robots, and their sales in 2022 will account for47 %. There are high requirements in related industries for the speed, weight, and accuracy of robot movements. Domesticbrand products still lag behind customer requirements. The automotive OEM have high safety requirements and strongcustomer loyalty. These factors make it difficult for traditional automotive OEM to manufacture robots domestically. Basedon market research, domestic brands, relying on their accumulated experience in the field of new energy, are expected toadvance the domestic manufacturing process through the new energy automotive industry chain, with the help of the trend oflithium-ion battery integration with automobiles.4.2 WeldingIn 2021, the localization rate of welding robots was only 34 %. The pain point of industrial robots lies in the highdevelopment and delivery threshold. Professional engineers need to manually code and debug repeatedly to match thespecific task requirements of the production line. The high cost greatly hinders the popularization of industrial robots.Through market research, Kaierda focuses on the welding robot business, while ESTUN is to fill the gap in domestic thickplate welding through the acquisition of CLOOS.4.3 Robotic process software developmentThe core of industrial robots lies in software, and the development of software related to processes is the key todetermining robot performance. The biggest disadvantage of domestic robots is actually in the development ofprocess-related software. This is because the international advanced robot companies have more than half a century ofresearch and technological breakthroughs, and their understanding of process and function optimization are naturally beyondthe reach of domestic enterprises. However, there are also some second-tier brands that have achieved good results in certainfields internationally, such as OTC, which also win the market because of their outstanding performance in a certain processarea. So making a breakthrough in a certain process field can be a way out for domestic robots.4.4 The Driving SystemThere are still significant issues with domestic robots in terms of driving systems. The inability to integrate the designwith the control system and the fact that the driver and controller are not made by the same manufacturer means that manycontrol channels and mathematical models cannot be implemented.4.5 Electrical machineryThe motor level of domestic robots has not been developed, which is actually due to the problem of domestic robotproduction. Due to the small production volume of domestic industrial robots, the cost of customizing motors is too high,making it impossible for manufacturers to customize motors based on the robot's power requirements, as is the case withmainstream manufacturers. However, using a general-purpose motor will result in the inability to optimize the parameters ofthe motor such as inertia, current, and torque output response capability, and the robot's load weight will also furtherincrease.5. ConclusionOverall, in the rapid development of robotics technology, industrial robots will be increasingly widely used in the fieldof intelligent manufacturing due to their advantages. Since the birth of industrial robots, their applications in various fieldshave been continuously studied. Although China's robotics industry started late and lacked a solid foundation, it has achieveda basic level of professionalism in all areas and even advanced levels in some areas with the help of China's advancedpolitical system. Facing the new situation and new requirements, the next few years and even longer will be an opportunity-192-Electronics Science Technology and Applicationfor China's robotics industry to be self-reliant and undergo technological breakthroughs. Opportunities must be seized,challenges must be faced, and problems such as insufficient technological accumulation, weak industrial foundation, andlack of high-end supply must be accelerated to promote the robotics industry to the mid-to-high-end level.References[1] Yang ZZ. Made in China 2025 high-end CNC machine tools and robots [M]. Jinan Shandong Science andTechnology Press. May 91-92, 2018.[2] Li Z. Industrial Robots Embrace New Opportunities - Economy and Technology [N]. People's Daily OverseasEdition, 2022-02-22.[3] Mou FJ. Analysis of Industrial Robot Technology and Its Typical Applications [J]. Chinese Journal of Fats and Fats,2017, Volume 42 (4): 157-159.[4] Tan CL. Research on the Application of Industrial Robot Technology in Intelligent Manufacturing [J]. EquipmentandAutomation. Issue 1, 2023.[5] Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China The 14th Five Year Plan for theDevelopment of the Robot Industry [R]. 2021-12-28.[6] China Electronics Society. Report on the Development of China's Robotics Industry [R]. 2022 World RoboticsConference. August 2022.[7] International Federation of Robotics.Market presentation World Robotics 2022 extended version[R]. Frankfurt, Oct13, 2022.

Application and Research of Industrial Robot Technology in Intelligent Manufacturing Field

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Application and Research of Industrial Robot Technology in Intelligent Manufacturing Field

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