Gianella, Paola

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Institutional Research Information System University of Turin

20 November 2023AperTO - Archivio Istituzionale Open Access dell'Università di TorinoOriginal Citation:Serum biochemical and urinary parameters of renal impairment in dogs with primary chronicenteropathyTerms of use:Open Access(Article begins on next page)Anyone can freely access the full text of works made available as "Open Access". Works made availableunder a Creative Commons license can be used according to the terms and conditions of said license. Useof all other works requires consent of the right holder (author or publisher) if not exempted from copyrightprotection by the applicable law.Availability:This is the author's manuscriptThis version is available http://hdl.handle.net/2318/1794811 since 2021-07-23T11:10:14ZEvaluation of serum biochemical and urinary parameters suggesting renal involvement in a 1 population of dogs with primary chronic enteropathy  2 E. Gori1, F. Perondi1, G. Ansaldo1, P. Gianella2, I. Lippi1, A. Pierini1, V. Marchetti1 3 1 Veterinary Teaching Hospital “Mario Modenato”, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University 4 of Pisa, Italy.   5 2 Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Italy.   6  7 Approximately a half of IBD human patients show extra-intestinal manifestations, in which 4-23% 8 may develop renal and urinary involvement. These findings may be linked to several conditions, 9 such as the immune-system response of the primary chronic enteropathy (CE), reduction in short-10 chain fatty acids, or endotoxemia. No specific studies have been conducted in dogs, except for those 11 describing familiar protein-losing nephropathy and enteropathy in soft-coated wheaten terriers. 12 The aim of this study was to describe alterations of selected serum biochemical and urinary 13 parameters suggesting renal injury in dogs with CE.  14 Retrospective multicentric (University of Pisa and Turin) study including dogs with CE. CE 15 diagnosis was made after the exclusion of intestinal diseases of other etiologies and extra-intestinal 16 diseases. Dogs with history of previous kidney or low urinary tract diseases (previous 17 clinicopathological finding and/or imaging alterations) and with severe proteinuria (urine protein-18 to-creatinine ratio (UPC)>2) were excluded. Canine Chronic Enteropathy Activity Index Score 19 (CCECAI), muscular condition score (MCS; 3-point scale), serum albumin, urea, creatinine, 20 presence of glycosuria, proteinuria (UPC>0.5) and urinary casts were recorded for each dog. Dogs 21 with albumin <2.7 mg/dL were classified as protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). Dogs with showed 22 glycosuria, proteinuria and/or urinary casts were classified as having “kidney injury”. Mann-23 Whitney u-test was used to compare CCECAI of dogs with and without kidney injury. Chi-square 24 test was used to evaluate the association of PLE and presence of kidney injury, and proteinuria 25 (UPC>0.5). 26 One-hundred-six dogs with CE were included. Fifty-two dogs (49%) had mild-to-severe reduction 27 in MCS. Only 6/106 dogs (6%) had azotemia (median creatinine 1.6 mg/dL; range 1.5-2.4 mg/dL), 28 whereas 40/106 dogs (38%) showed kidney injury. In particular, 2 dogs had glycosuria, 23 dogs had 29 proteinuria, and 23 dogs had urinary casts. CCECAI was not different between dogs with, and 30 without kidney injury (both median=4; p=0.9). Forty-four dogs were classified as PLE. The 31 prevalence of kidney injury was not different between PLE, and not-PLE (p=0.3) dogs, whereas 32 PLE dogs showed a higher prevalence (61%) of proteinuria, than non-PLE dogs (p=0.03 OR 2.8 33 95%CI 1-6.8). Serum markers of kidney injury should be interpreted with caution in CE dogs, since 34 approximately half of our dogs showed a reduction in muscular mass.  On the other hand, 35 assessment of urinary markers of “kidney injury” may be useful and advisable, especially due to the 36 high risk of proteinuria in PLE dogs. 37 

Serum biochemical and urinary parameters of renal impairment in dogs with primary chronic enteropathy

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Serum biochemical and urinary parameters of renal impairment in dogs with primary chronic enteropathy

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