Bodnar, Zsolt

Gill, Chris I. R.

Kerr, Maeve A.

Kerrigan, David Daniel

Le Roux, Carel

Livingstone, M. Barbara E.

Miras, Alexander

Pournaras, Dimitri J.

Price, Ruth K.

Sittlington, Julie

Spector, Alan

Spence, Heather

English

Ulster University's Research Portal

                      Early Changes in Observed Eating Behaviours and Suboptimal Weight Loss in GastricBypass Patients: Preliminary Findings †Spence, H., Miras, A., Sittlington, J., Le Roux, C., Spector, A., Kerr, M. A., Gill, C. I. R., Bodnar, Z., Kerrigan, D.D., Pournaras, D. J., Livingstone, M. B. E., Price, R. K., Sobajic, S. (Ed.), & Calder, P. (Ed.) (2023). EarlyChanges in Observed Eating Behaviours and Suboptimal Weight Loss in Gastric Bypass Patients: PreliminaryFindings †. Proceedings, 91(1). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091113Link to publication record in Ulster University Research PortalPublished in:ProceedingsPublication Status:Published online: 13/12/2023DOI:10.3390/proceedings2023091113Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of recordGeneral rightsCopyright for the publications made accessible via Ulster University's Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyrightowners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with theserights.Take down policyThe Research Portal is Ulster University's institutional repository that provides access to Ulster's research outputs. Every effort has beenmade to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content inthe Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact pure-support@ulster.ac.uk.Download date: 29/01/2024Citation: Spence, H.; Miras, A.;Sittlington, J.; Le Roux, C.; Spector,A.; Kerr, M.A.; Gill, C.I.R.; Bodnar, Z.;Kerrigan, D.D.; Pournaras, D.J.; et al.Early Changes in Observed EatingBehaviours and Suboptimal WeightLoss in Gastric Bypass Patients:Preliminary Findings. Proceedings2023, 91, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091113Academic Editors: Sladjana Sobajicand Philip CalderPublished: 13 December 2023Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This article is an open access articledistributed under the terms andconditions of the Creative CommonsAttribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).proceedingsAbstractEarly Changes in Observed Eating Behaviours and SuboptimalWeight Loss in Gastric Bypass Patients: Preliminary Findings †Heather Spence 1 , Alexander Miras 2, Julie Sittlington 1 , Carel Le Roux 3 , Alan Spector 4, Maeve A. Kerr 1 ,Chris I. R. Gill 1 , Zsolt Bodnar 5, David Daniel Kerrigan 6, Dimitri J. Pournaras 7, M. Barbara E. Livingstone 1and Ruth K. Price 1,*1 Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;spence-h1@ulster.ac.uk (H.S.); jj.sittlington@ulster.ac.uk (J.S.); ma.kerr@ulster.ac.uk (M.A.K.);c.gill@ulster.ac.uk (C.I.R.G.); mbe.livingstone@ulster.ac.uk (M.B.E.L.)2 School of Medicine, Ulster University, Londonderry BT48 7JL, UK; a.miras@ulster.ac.uk3 Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute, University College Dublin,D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland; carel.leroux@ucd.ie4 Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University,Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; spector@psy.fsu.edu5 Department of Surgery, Letterkenny University Hospital, F92 AE81 Donegal, Ireland; zsolt.bodnar@hse.ie6 Phoenix Health, Chester CH1 6LT, UK; david.kerrigan@phoenix-health.co.uk7 Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital,Bristol BS10 5NB, UK; dpournaras@doctors.org.uk* Correspondence: rk.price@ulster.ac.uk† Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.Keywords: gastric bypass; suboptimal weight loss; energy intake; eating behavioursBariatric surgery is the most effective long-term treatment for severe obesity [1],however despite excellent results being obtained at the group level, the response anddurability of weight loss after surgery is heterogeneous and a proportion of patients mayexperience suboptimal weight loss (SWL) [2]. The mechanisms underlying SWL are poorlyunderstood but may be linked to eating behaviours [2].The aim of this work was to identify if early changes in energy intake (EI) and eat-ing behaviours at 1-year are associated with long-term weight outcomes 5-years post-surgery. Twenty-two patients, after gastric bypass (gender: 18 F, 82.0%, 46.2 ± 1.6kg/m2,46.1 ± 2.6 years), attended residential research appointments pre-surgery (−1 month) andat 12- and 60-months post-surgery. At each time point, EI (MJ) and eating behaviours(dietary energy density, eating speed, and number, size and duration of eating occasions)were determined over a 24-h period using the covert weighing of food and validated viaclosed circuit television. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray ab-sorptiometry and the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) used to distinguish betweenpatients who had suboptimal (<15% TWL) and patients with optimal weight loss (15–25%,or, >25% TWL) at 5 years post-surgery.Briefly, 5 patients experienced SWL (−9.2 ± 1.8%), while 7 patients experienced15–25% TWL (−21.9 ± 1.4%), and 10 patients experienced >25% TWL (−35.0 ± 1.8%).There were no differences in EI or dietary energy density between the three groups atbaseline, or percentage changes at 1-year post-surgery (ANOVA; p > 0.54 and p > 0.48,respectively). Those experiencing SWL did not change their eating speed post-surgery,whilst those with optimal weight loss (>25%) reduced their eating speed (+7.2 ± 0.53,+133.8 ± 0.53%, −18.9 ± 21.2%, for SWL [<15%], 15–25% and >25% TWL; p= 0.01).Those with optimal weight loss also decreased their EI per eating occasion at 1 year(−53.2 ± 2.8%, +88.9 ± 105.0%, −57.8 ± 6.9%, for SWL [<15%], 15–25% and >25% for TWL;p = 0.01). These findings indicate that targeting interventions to the stratum of patientsProceedings 2023, 91, 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091113 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/proceedingsProceedings 2023, 91, 113 2 of 2with such eating behaviours could enhance weight loss. Further work is required to verifyfindings and identify other modifiable eating behaviours in those most at risk of SWL.Author Contributions: Conceptualization, R.K.P., M.B.E.L., C.L.R. and A.S.; Formal analysis, H.S.;investigation, H.S., A.M., J.S., C.L.R., A.S., M.A.K., C.I.R.G., M.B.E.L. and R.K.P.; writing—originaldraft preparation, H.S.; writing—review and editing, H.S., A.M., J.S., C.L.R., A.S., M.A.K., C.I.R.G.and R.K.P.; visualization, A.M., J.S., C.L.R., A.S., M.A.K., C.I.R.G., M.B.E.L., R.K.P., Z.B., D.D.K. andD.J.P.; supervision, A.M., J.S., C.L.R., M.A.K., C.I.R.G. and R.K.P.; funding acquisition, R.K.P., C.L.R.and A.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Funding: US-Ireland Research and Development Partnership program, Grant/Award Number: R01-DK106112-01A1; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the NationalInstitutes of Health, Grant/Award Number: R01DK106112; Health Research Board of the Republic ofIreland, Grant/Award Number: USIRL-2006; Medical Research Council, UK, Grant/Award Number:MC_PC_16017; Health and Social Care R&D Division of Northern Ireland, Grant/Award Number:STL/5062/14. This trial was registered as clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03113305.Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declarationof Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Research EthicsCommittee 3, West of Scotland (16/WS/0056, date of approval: 04/03/2016).Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved inthe study.Data Availability Statement: Data described in the abstract will be made available upon requestpending application and approval.Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.References1. Akalestou, E.; Miras, A.D.; le Roux, C.W. Mechanisms of weight loss after obesity surgery. Endocr. Rev. 2022, 43, 19–34. [CrossRef][PubMed]2. Amundsen, T.; Strømmen, M.; Martins, C. Suboptimal Weight Loss and Weight Regain after Gastric Bypass Surgery-PostoperativeStatus of Energy Intake, Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Psychometrics. Obes. Surg. 2017, 27, 1316–1323. [CrossRef][PubMed]Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individualauthor(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury topeople or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Early Changes in Observed Eating Behaviours and Suboptimal Weight Loss in Gastric Bypass Patients: Preliminary Findings †

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Early Changes in Observed Eating Behaviours and Suboptimal Weight Loss in Gastric Bypass Patients: Preliminary Findings †

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