No cane toad eDNA was detected at any of the sites. However, at Lake Gregory, Paruku Rangers observed cane toads near the sampling site during field work. We attribute the false negative detections to the small number of sites covered at this large site, as well as the small volume of water sampled. This highlights the importance of using multiple detection methods when carrying out cane toad monitoring. In the future, large water samples should be collected to avoid false negative detections. Continuous sample collection during rangers’ programmed activities will complement monitoring programs and target early incursions of cane toads in the area
