Approaches to actualizing the use of modern alloy steels that are in demand in the Eurasian technological space are proposed. According to the criterion of resistance to contact fatigue, quantitative indicators of wear of the surfacehardened layers of steel 16MnCrS5 were revealed. With the contact stress amplitude up to 950 MPa, the composite material of carbonized and nitrocemented layers is characterized by a period of high resistance with minimal manifestations of structural hardening by the mechanism of softening of the material. The obtained composite material with carbonized and nitrocemented layers is characterized by a period of high resistance up to 15 000 cycles