Construction of the discourse on reality and its paradigms in Germany and Romania between the two world wars. Echoes in literature and culture Построение дискурса реальности и ее парадигмы в Германии и Румынии между двумя мировыми войнами. Отголоски в литературе и культуре

Abstract

Međuratni period u Evropi je dao potencijal za konstrukciju ekstremizovanih diskursa o stvarnosti. Uprkos obimnim istorijskim istraživanjima, sličnosti u diskursu Nemačke i Rumunije, kao i uloga pojedinca u njemu, ostali su nedovoljno ispitani. Diskurs o stvarnosti predstavlja metadiskurs, koji ekstremizacijom postaje ideologija, koja, kao društveno-politički metadiskurs, nameće istorijsku i metaistorijsku analizu stvarnosti. Razmatramo imagološki aspekt diskursa o stvarnosti, slične identitarne modele i identitarnu propagandu u dve zemlje, i to kroz njihovu interakciju sa književnošću. Prva hipoteza pretpostavlja sličnosti i/ili razlike u konstrukciji uokvirenih nacionalističkih paradigmi u sličnim ideološko-političkim i kulturnim uslovima. Druga hipoteza sagledava odnos cenzura – sloboda, koji vodi do sličnih shvatanja uloge književnog autora i njegovog stvaralačkog identiteta u različitim kulturama. Pristup je multidisciplinaran, a istraživani domeni za konstrukciju diskursa o stvarnosti su kultura, književnost, istorija, mit, obrazovanje i cenzura sa propagandom. Odjeci promena u ovim domenima prikazani su kroz književna dela koja reflektuju diskurs o stvarnosti, zbog čega se na njih kratko osvrćemo, a neka podrobnije analiziramo. Dodatno, komparativnom metodom se predstavljaju slične ili različite tendencije, koje su ekstremizovale poimanje identiteta. Uočena su preslikavanja transkulturoloških modela u datom istorijskom periodu u Nemačkoj i Rumuniji: dominantne revolucionarne tendencije su putem ekstremizacije konstruisale gotovo identične diskurse o stvarnosti, koristeći različite narative. Rezultati ukazuju na važnost uloge i stepen odgovornosti pojedinca, pogotovo u turbulentnim periodima, i otvaraju nova interesantna pitanja za dalja istraživanja.The interwar period in Europe largely contributed to the construction of an extreme discourse of reality. Despite extensive historical research, the similarities in the discourse of Germany and Romania, as well as the role of the individual in it, remain insufficiently examined. The discourse of reality represents a meta-discourse, which, through extremism, becomes an ideology that, as a socio-political meta-discourse, imposes a historical and metahistorical analysis of reality. We investigate the imagological aspect of such discourses of reality, similar identity models and identity propaganda in the two countries, all through their interaction with literature. The first hypothesis presupposes similarities and/or differences in the construction of pre-set nationalist paradigms in similar ideological-political and cultural conditions. The second hypothesis observes the relationship between censorship and freedom, which leads to similar perceptions of the role of literary authors and their creative identity in different cultures. The approach is multidisciplinary, and the researched domains for the constructed discourse of reality are culture, literature, history, myth, education, and censorship with propaganda. The echoes of changes in these domains are presented through literary works that reflect the discourse, which is why we either look at them briefly or analyze them in more detail. In addition, the comparative method reveals similar or different tendencies, which caused the extremization of the perception of identity. The mapping of transcultural models in the given historical period is observed in these different countries: the dominant revolutionary tendencies through their extremism shaped almost identical discourses of reality, using different narratives. The results emphasize the importance and responsibility of the individual, especially in turbulent periods, and open new intriguing questions for further research