This discussion paper reports the meeting held to analyse the implications of the election of the New Labour Government in the UK, in May 1997. The aim of this round table discussion was to draw together a range of experts who could address particular scientific questions and draw out their implications for political and economic analysis. Professor Anthony Heath addresses the issue of `How did Labour win such a historic victory?'; Professor Dorothy Wedderburn critically examines `What has New Labour Achieved?' and Jürgen Krönig assesses the implications for Germany in the forthcoming election year. Lord Ralf Dahrendorf and David Soskice draw out the political ramifications for political institutions and modernisation, and examine the economic agenda of the new government