The article considers the implementation of a package of application software that performs a number of specific tasks for students and teachers of disciplines related to the studying of electrical circuits in higher educational institutes. The C++ programming language tecnologies were used with Qt5 framework, window of WinForms with a graphical context OpenGL

Gudkov, A.

Shylin, L.

Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics Repository

COMPREHENSIVE AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR STUDYINGTHE THEORY OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITSGudkov A., Shylin L.Department of Information Technology Automated Systems,Belarusian State University of Informatics and RadioelectronicsMinsk, Republic of BelarusE-mail: gudkov_tu@mail.ru, dektu@bsuir.byThe article considers the implementation of a package of application software that performs a number of specictasks for students and teachers of disciplines related to the studying of electrical circuits in higher educationalinstitutes. The C++ programming language technologies were used with Qt5 framework, window of WinFormswith a graphical context OpenGL.IntroductionIn the process of studying the disciplines re-lated to the calculation of electrical circuits, stu-dents of higher educational institutes sometimeshave diculties nding tasks on a certain topics forpracticing them, and the teachers have the need tomanually check the students' solutions.The authors developed a comprehensive auto-mated system for studying the discipline "Theory ofElectrical Circuits". This system consists of threeindependent modules, which are are the softwarepackages that perform a number of specic tasks.The rst two modules perform the generation ofelectrical circuit data and its schemes for students.And the third one perform the calculation of elec-trical circuits with providing solutions for teachers.I. Synthesis of electrical circuitcomponent data for training tasksFor ease of generating, we will represent anelectrical circuit in the form of a directed graphformed according to certain rules [1]. The direc-tions of its branches coincide with the directionsof the currents in the branches wires, and the ver-tices coincide with the nodes of the electrical circuitscheme. In our program you need to set initial con-ditions such as: range of values for the resistances; range of values for current voltage sources; quantity (range) of current and voltagesources; quantity (range) of resistances; number of equations to be solved by themethod of contour currents; number of equations to be solved by themethod of nodal potentials.Based on the calculation method and the num-ber of equations to solve, the program starts to syn-thesize the chain graph. Next, the resistance valuesare generated by random variables from the precon-ditions. We perform similar actions for the voltageand current sources. You also need to nd out thenumber of branches in the circuit based on the num-ber of voltage and current sources. After that, usingthe randomize method, we arrange the initial ele-ments of the chain in any form, observing certainrules.As a result, we obtain a model of an electricalcircuit represented as a directed graph. Accord-ing to its graph, we get an electrical circuit data,which is presented in format of a text table that isconvenient for exporting les between applications(formats like TXT, CSV, JSON, XML). The datatable shows the following circuit parameters: number of branches; direction of currents in branches from thestart node to the end node; resistances values; voltage source values; current source values.In addition to generating direct current (DC)circuit data the program generate data of alternat-ing current (AC). This way the data table is ex-tended by Complex values by addition the imagi-nary part into resistances of capacitors and induc-tance coils, as well as arguments for voltage andcurrent sources.II. Processing of component data and itsrepresentation in the form of electricalcircuit schemeAfter generating le with data table of circuitthe program process it and presents as an imageof the electrical circuit scheme. The rst step ofthe graphical visualization algorithm is convertingcomponent data into a mathematical model  a setof structures that store the begin node and the endnode of a current branch, and data matrices thatstore the characteristics of branches. When we readthe data from a table it is eective to immediatelyform component matrices, since each column of thetable reects a specic branch of the circuit.A universal class is implemented for data ob-tained from component matrix information in a textdocument for both AC and DC circuits. In the caseof direct current, the complex elds (such as imag-inary parts and arguments) of the object have theNULL value.A class for graphical visualization was also im-plemented. It describes an algorithm for graphicalrepresentation of a mathematical model using the149capabilities of the programming language C++, andalso uses the capabilities of its graphical frameworkQt5, especially its library  QtGL [2]. The resultis provided in the WinForms main application win-dow with a OpenGL graphical context, the menu ofwhich allows you to print graphic diagrams with ex-port them to PDF le or save it as a binary image[3].III. Calculation the electrical circuitsAfter circuit data visualization in the form ofschemes for students the software calculates theseschemes and show the solutions for teachers. Inthis problem, the mathematical model of an electri-cal circuit is a set of matrices that are divided intotwo types [4]: topological matrices that characterize thestructural features of the circuit, determined by themethod of connecting the basic components of two-poles, while the type of components doesn't playany role; component matrices that reect the valuesof the circuit components.The currents in the circuit are calculatedbased on the matrix method of nodal potentials,which is valid for both DC and AC circuits [5].Firstly a topological nodal matrix is formed basedon the directed graph. It is very convenient totake the last generated node of the graph as thebasis node (t.i. remove the last vertex from con-sideration), which is a signicant advantage for thesoftware implementation of this approach over themethod of contour currents  there is no need tosearch for independent circuit contours.Given that each branch of the circuit canbe represented as a generalized one, componentcolumn-matrices are formed with source data ofthe chain for E, J, R, and the diagonal-matrixRD, which dimensions are equal to the numberof branches of the circuit. The representation ofan electrical circuit in the form of a mathematicalmodel allows us to describe its calculation on the al-gorithmic way, which can be represented as a blockdiagram (Fig. 1).Figure 1  Block diagram of the nodal potentialsmethod algorithmAn Object-Oriented Programming approachallows us to display the abstraction of matrixcalculations in the application software. ClassesMatrixFloat and MatrixComplex (inherited fromthe base class Matrix<T>), fully represent thelogic of mathematical operations for real-valued(Float) and Complex-value (Complex ) matrices,respectively. They contain the dimensions of thematrix (int rows, columns), its order (int order) anda two-dimensional dynamic array of element values(T buer[rows][columns]) Based on the formulasand theorems of matrix calculus (like Laplace,Jordan-Gauss, etc.), the necessary algorithmswere implemented and overloaded correspondingarithmetic operations in the program code. Tocalculate the sinusoidal current circuit, a Complexmatrix element is introducedMatrixComplex  classComplex, it allows performing transformations onÑomplex numbers and their interactions in bothalgebraic and exponential forms [6].In the class-interface of an electrical circuitCircuit the algorithms described earlier areimplemented in the form of a program code-generalized matrix equations of the nodal potentialsmethod. The return value of the methodCircuitCalculator::CalculateCircuit(const&) is theresult of calculating the electrical circuit  matrix-column IR of currents in the branch resistances.ConclusionAs a result of the work, the authorsimplemented a package of application software thatperforms a number of specic tasks for studentsand teachers of disciplines related to the study ofelectrical circuits in higher educational institutes.Software eciency is determined by the ability togenerate arrays of practical tasks of both DC andAC electrical circuits schemes with any topology, aswell as to obtain the most accurate values of theircalculations in the shortest possible time.References1. Àðòûì, À. Ä. Íîâûé ìåòîä ðàñ÷åòà ïðîöåññîâ âýëåêòðè÷åñêèõ öåïÿõ / À. Ä. Àðòûì, Â. À. Ôèëèí,Ê. Æ. Åñïîëîâ.  ÑÏá.: ≪Ýëìîð≫, 2001.  192 ñ.2. Lazar, G. Mastering Qt 5.X  Second Edition: Createstunning cross-platform applications using Qt, QtQuick, and Qt Gamepad / G. Lazar, R. Penea.  PacktPublishing, 2018.  613 p.3. Gordon, V. S. Computer Graphics Programming inOpenGL with C++ / V. S. Gordon, J. Clevenger. Mercury Learning & Information, 2018.  384 p.4. Harary, F. Graph theory / F. Harary.  CRC Press,1994.  288 p.5. Àòàáåêîâ, Ã. È. Òåîðåòè÷åñêèå îñíîâû ýëåêòðîòåõíè-êè / Ã. È. Àòàáåêîâ.  Ì.: ≪Ýíåðãèÿ≫, 1978.  592ñ.6. Lafore, R. Object-Oriented Programming in C++,Fourth Edition / R. Lafore.  SAMS Publishing, 800East 96-th St., Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA, 2002. 1038 p.150

Comprehensive automated system for studying the theory of electrical circuits

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Comprehensive automated system for studying the theory of electrical circuits

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