Based on national drafts, a group of R&D and industry experts as members of the SolarPACES task III heliostat working group has been working since 2012 on the creation of a guideline for heliostat performance testing. It contains a well-defined list of parameters to describe heliostats and their performance, as well as a list for deriving these parameters. After applying the draft to several industrial and research heliostats (e.g. [1]) and iterative improvements, version 1.0 of the guideline has been released

Bern, Gregor

Blume, Kristina

Brost, Randy C.

Collins, Mike

Fernández-Reche, Jesus

Guillot, Emmanuel

Happich, Christoph

Herrmann, Jakob

Kämpgen, Andreas

Monterreal-Espinosa, Rafael

Nieffer, Daniel

Röger, Marc

Sanchez, Marcelino

Schlichting, Tim

Ulmer, Steffen

Villasante, Cristóbal

Weinrebe, Gerhard

Zhu, Guangdong

Institute of Transport Research:Publications

Marc Röger1with contributions from (in alphabetical order): Andreas Kämpgen2, Christoph Happich2, Cristóbal Villasante3, Daniel Nieffer4, Emmanuel Guillot5,Gerhard Weinrebe4, Gregor Bern6, Guangdong Zhu7, Jakob Herrmann8, Jesús Fernández-Reche9, Kristina Blume1, Marcelino Sánchez10, Mike Collins11, Rafael Monterreal-Espinosa9, Randy C. Brost12,Steffen Ulmer2, Tim Schlichting1SolarPACES Conference, Sydney, Australia, Oct. 10-13, 2023SOLARPACES GUIDELINE FOR HELIOSTAT PERFORMANCE TESTING - RELEASE V1.01 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, 12.10.23, Marc Röger1DLR, 2CSP Services, 3Tekniker, 4sbp sonne, 5PROMES-CNRS, 6Fraunhofer ISE, 7NREL, 8Kraftanlagen Energies & Services, 9CIEMAT – PSA, 10CENER, 11CSIRO, 12Sandia National LaboratoriesPreface Heliostat Field Acceptance Guidelineto measure the performance of an industrial-sized field Heliostat Performance Testing Guideline2 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerThe SolarPACES Task III Heliostat Working Group currently works on three guidelines: Heliostat Wind Load Design Guidelineto improve and unify heliostat wind load design methods as a basis for a heliostat specific engineering code eli stat Performance Testing GuidelineIn review(Task III heliostat group)More details nowMotivationfor SolarPACES Task III Heliostat Working Group The heliostat field is a significant investment factor It is a long-term investment It is of big extent and any correction or malfunctioning is expensive It is a crucial component in the energy conversion chain  Yearly plant output strongly depends on its optical quality Quality assurance and final acceptance tests of heliostats and fields are necessary for control of subcontractors and warranty claims3 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc Röger1. ObjectiveHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineObjective of Guideline Enable comparison of single heliostats on an objective, scientific, but practical level Homogenize content of test certificates of different qualification centers Facilitate bankability of heliostats4 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerContent of Guideline Parameter list with definitions to describe heliostats and their performance Measurement techniques to derive the parametersHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline2. History and Status of Guideline 2008: First national drafts From 2012: International input as part of SolarPACES Task III meetings From 2012: Dissemination to Task-III heliostat working group (actual almost 60 members) From 2012: Review feedback from  more than 14 international institutions more than 30 scientists From 2018 First draft releases and applications inR&D and industry: RELEASE_v0991: 22.08.18 RELEASE_v0995: 09.10.20 RELEASE_v1.0: 30.05.23 Currently being put into the IEC-TC-117 62862-4-3 technical committee5 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerThank you to all actively participatinginstitutions, scientists andindustrial engineers.Heliostat Performance Testing Guideline6 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineContent of Guideline7 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineContent of Guideline3. Definitions Definition of coordinate systems General Definitions Mirror Panel Concentrator Heliostat Concentrator Surface Normal (=given in CCS), also called Heliostat Normal (=given in HCS or GCS) Concentrator Elevation and Azimuth Definitions of Angular Deviations Naming Convention for Angular Deviations8 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline9 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline3. DefinitionsAngular Errors/Deviations10 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineContent of GuidelineWe get values like Total Beam Dispersion σTotBeamDisp “90°-cone power angle” Flux profiles Etc.11 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc Röger010050Radius[m]Integral Power [%]90r90 Angle [mrad]orBeam on TargetFlux Distribution on Target W/m2PSA owned by CIEMATHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline4. MethodologyOLD METHOD: Measure Beam Shape/Quality with BCS systemThe Total Beam Dispersion TotBeamDisp as measured on target does not describe the heliostat properties properly, because it depends on Astigmatism,... (day of time / year / location of heliostat ) Meteorological parameters (sunshape, scattering)12 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerWe would need the beam quality σBQ222astigmsunpTotBeamDisBQ  measured not easy to account forHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline4. MethodologyOLD METHOD: Measure Beam Shape/Quality with BCS system4. MethodologyBeam Quality by Shape Measurement and RaytracingFor that reason, the guideline is based on the following approach: Define ideal shape (paraboloidal / spherical / flat / … ) Measure the slope deviations SD in horizontal and vertical direction, e.g. by deflectometry / photogrammetry / laser radar in one elevation. Result: SD matrices (in relation to ideal shape, 1)13 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineExample:Deflectometryresults4. MethodologyBeam Quality by Shape Measurement and RaytracingFor that reason, the guideline is based on the following approach: Define ideal shape (paraboloidal / spherical / flat / … ) Measure the slope deviations SD in horizontal and vertical direction, e.g. by deflectometry / photogrammetry / laser radar in one elevation. Result: SD matrices (in relation to ideal shape, 1) Measure the shape deformation to account for deformation with differentelevation angles (2) and temperatures (3) (future: wind (4)), e.g. by photogrammetry.14 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing Guidelinez-deviation/sagbetw. 10° and 90°heliostat elevationDLR measurement on PSA (owned by CIEMAT)4. MethodologyBeam Quality by Shape Measurement and RaytracingFor that reason, the guideline is based on the following approach: Define ideal shape (paraboloidal / spherical / flat / … ) Measure the slope deviations SD in horizontal and vertical direction, e.g. by deflectometry / photogrammetry / laser radar in one elevation. Result: SD matrices (in relation to ideal shape, 1) Measure the shape deformation to account for deformation with differentelevation angles (2) and temperatures (3) (future: wind (4)), e.g. by photogrammetry.15 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc Röger High-fidelity raytracers provide any other parameter (e.g. σTotBeamDisp, σBQ, flux profiles, 90deg-cone power angle, etc.)1 243Heliostat Performance Testing Guideline16 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerBCS measurement on targetwith 4 heliostatsRaytracer simulation results withsame 4 heliostatsDetailed Simulation of Solar Flux Possible by Using Deflectometry DataSee. e.g. Belhomme, B., Pitz-Paal, R., Schwarzbözl, P., and Ulmer, S. (June 10, 2009). "A New Fast Ray Tracing Tool forHigh-Precision Simulation of Heliostat Fields." ASME. J. Sol. Energy Eng. August 2009; 131(3): 031002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3139139 Heliostat Performance Testing Guideline4. MethodologyBeam Quality by Shape Measurement and RaytracingSD input17 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline4. MethodologyBeam Quality by Shape Measurement and RaytracingHeliostatMeasurementEssential Parameters (Class-1)Configuration and AreaSlope Deviation SDShape DeformationReflectance / SpecularityTrackingOthersTotalReflective AreaSDx,RMSSDy,RMSSDx,matSDy,matGravity[Temperature][Wind]TrackxHCS,RMSTrackyHCS,RMSPowerDefocus timeControl, etc.Solar weightedConditions,Simulation Inputo Parallel Rayso On-axis (Heliostat-Target-Sun)o Heliostat Azimuth/Elevationo [Wind / Temperature]Conditions to derive beam qualityo Sunshape, DNIo Heliostat Positiono Receiver Positiono Sun Positiono Position on Eartho Point of Timeo Heliostat Azimuth/Elevationo [Wind / Temperature]Specific conditionsSimulationInputSimulationInputAlternative: Flux Measurement & CorrectionsHeliostatSimulationDerived Parameters (Class-3)Total Beam Dispersion TotalBeamDispFlux ProfilesReflected Power, etc.SimulationInputBeam Quality BQSimulationInput18 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline4. MethodologyBeam Quality by Shape Measurement and RaytracingHeliostatMeasurementEssential Parameters (Class-1)Additional descriptive parameters (class-2) as part of an extended list deliver additional, but not essential information. They may be additionally given.84 parametersAdditionalAdditional descriptive parameters (Class-2)The essential parameters (class-1) are mandatory to describe heliostat performance according to this guideline. In general, all these parameters must be given for comprehensive description of the heliostat performance. 70 parametersHeliostatSimulationDerived Parameters (Class-3)Only valid for specific Conditions,Simulation InputBeam shape parameters (class-3) can be derived from class-1 parameters by raytracing, or are not easily measurable under defined conditions in industrial practice. Essential parameters should be preferred to define heliostat performance instead. However, beam shape parameters can be additionally used for their illustrative character.21 parametersTotal 175  parameters, but only 70 parameters needed19 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineContent of Guideline20 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 21.08.23, Marc Röger5.+6. Heliostat Performance Parameters and their MeasurementHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline21 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 21.08.23, Marc Röger5.+6. Heliostat Performance Parameters and their MeasurementHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineParameter NameHelioConfig.Conc.DimensionValue Example[6.6; 6.7]UnitmTechnique for derivation of parameter(Laser) distance meter, tape measure, etc.Variable TypeSingle vectorTypical Range0-100Definition of parameterConcentrator size in [x; y] direction (rectangular outline) or diameter (round outline) or [min; max] diameter (rotationally symmetric outline) or other description via edge lengths (other outlines)Provided by whom?IQual. and Man.IQual. = IndependentQualificationMan. = manufacturer22 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc Röger5.+6. Heliostat Performance Parameters and their Measurement…Heliostat Performance Testing Guideline…23 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc Röger5.+6. Heliostat Performance Parameters and their Measurement…Heliostat Performance Testing Guideline Optics.Conc.NominalShape: parabolicOptics.Conc.HelioRefOrientation: [az=0°; el=30°; T=20°C]Optics.Conc.SD_ShareEvalSurf: 97%Optics.Conc.NominalShapeNumericValue: [55] or matricesOptics.Conc.SD_SamplingRate: 1000 values/m2Optics.Conc.SD_2D: sR: 1.56; RMS: 2.06 mrad (100%)…24 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 21.08.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Performance Testing GuidelineContent of Guideline25 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 21.08.23, Marc Röger> Lecture > Author  •  Document > DateHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline7. Reporting An Excel template is part of the guideline as main test report in tabular form with links to appended data, measurement report pdfs, graphs.Further data: Data format (in case of matrices, e.g.) Graphical form (in case of matrices, vectors, e.g.) Detailed measurement reportsSlope DeviationMeasurementMeasurementReportsDeflectometryMeasurement ReportHeliostat: FOCUS-PX5Conclusion & OutlookHeliostat Performance Testing Guideline  Is focused on prototype validation & qualification. It has proven its practicability in several applications in R&D since 2018. Version 1.0 is released. Currently, the content is transferred to the IEC-TC-117-62862 Part 4-3:“Technical requirements and design qualification of heliostats for solar power tower plants”. The guideline, containing more details, shall supplement the IEC standard.26 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc Röger A future 2nd version may include parameters and tests to describe the heliostat tracking behavior and the increase in concentrator slope deviations under windy conditions.Heliostat Performance Testing GuidelineHeliostat Field Acceptance Guideline As national draft, is being launched into the international review (heliostat working group).Contact: marc.roeger@dlr.deMore details in manuscript: Röger, M., Schlichting, T., Blume, K., Guidelines for heliostat testing, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2023, to be published under https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/27 Guidelines for Heliostat Testing, DLR, 12.10.23, Marc RögerHeliostat Field Acceptance GuidelineTask III heliostat working group contact:Marc Röger, marc.roeger@dlr.de Saphir (16UM0068)Heliodor (0324310) EUROPEAN UNION’S HORIZON 2020 RESEARCH AND INNOVATION PROGRAMME (Grant 823802)AnalyzeHeliostatFieldSFERA-II (312643 )SFERA-III (823802)Funding AgenciesFor the review and fruitful discussion, the authors thank Andreas Pfahl, Anna Heimsath, Ansgar Macke, Chuck Andraka, Daniel Benitez, De Wet van Rooyen, Felix Göhring, Finn von Reeken, Kai Regina, Lorin Vant-Hull, Markus Schramm, Norbert Geuder, Patrick Hilger, Peter Schwarzbözl, Rafael López Guerrero, Reiner Buck and Stefano Giuliano, amongst others. 

SolarPACES Guideline for Heliostat Performance Testing - Release v1.0

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SolarPACES Guideline for Heliostat Performance Testing - Release v1.0

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