In this study, we used a G-shaped antenna due to its ease of integration into the overall design. The basic structure was adapted from a model proposed by W.-C. Liu. Then, we integrated it into a USB dongle, then added another antenna element to use it for MIMO applications in WLAN networks. A neutralization line is added between these two antenna elements to increase insulation

Aknin, Noura

Younssi, Mohammed

English

International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies

769                International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT)                       ISSN: 2509-0119.                        © 2020 International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies                       http://ijpsat.ijsht-journals.org                                    Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020, pp. 238-244   Corresponding Author: Mohammed Younssi 238 G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9 Mohammed Younssi and Noura Aknin Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University,  Tetouan, Morocco   Abstract – In this study, we used a G-shaped antenna due to its ease of integration into the overall design. The basic structure was adapted from a model proposed by W.-C. Liu. Then, we integrated it into a USB dongle, then added another antenna element to use it for MIMO applications in WLAN networks. A neutralization line is added between these two antenna elements to increase insulation. Keywords – Patch, Antenna, Insulation, MIMO, LTE, WLAN.   I. INTRODUCTION New trends from telecom operators are increasing the demand for modern mobile communication systems and wireless networks for bandwidth and highest data rates. It is because of this growing need that researchers are turning to the integration of multiple antennas into the same user equipment [1]–[3]. Applications are rapidly evolving toward multiple input-output (MIMO) technology from single input output (SISO) and single input multiple output (SIMO) systems. This is because this technique allows a wireless device to transmit or receive data at a higher data rate. Moreover, IEEE 802.11n and Long Term Evolution (LTE) require LAN devices and mobile devices to support MIMO technology [4]–[6]. The origin of MIMO began at Bell Laboratories from 1997 to 2002, under the name BLAST “Bell Labs Layered Spacetime”. II. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS In this study, we used a G-shaped antenna due to its ease of integration into the overall design. The basic structure was adapted from a model proposed by W.-C. Liu [7]. Then, we integrated it into a USB dongle, then added another antenna element to use it for MIMO applications in WLAN networks. However, the challenge for this work is that the two antenna elements must be closely located in a small area of the USB dongle. The available area for mounting the antennas is approximately 12 𝑥 20 𝑚𝑚 , as shown in Figure 1.  Fig. 1. USB dongle layout  G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9   Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020                   ISSN: 2509-011 239 2.1. G-SHAPED BASIC STRUCTURE FOR WLAN 2.4/4.9/5.2/5.8/5.9 It is a G-shaped antenna mounted on an FR4 type substrate (thickness 0.4 mm, constant 4.3, and loss tangent 0.02), placed in the same surface of the ground plane with a spacing of g=1.5 mm. The thickness of each side of the radiating element is 0.7 mm.      Fig. 2. Basic Antenna All other parameters are reported in the following table: Table 1. Basic Antenna Settings L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 5 mm 4.5 mm 6 mm 8.6 mm 6 mm 4.5 mm    G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9   Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020                   ISSN: 2509-011 240  Fig. 3. Base antenna reflection coefficient  As the reflection coefficient curve shows, this antenna operates in both bands [2.37-2.68 GHz] and [4.85-6.94 GHz], therefore for WLAN 2.4/4.9/5.2/5.8/5.9 wireless networks. In the following, we are only interested in the MIMO application in the upper band. 2.2. OPTIMIZED STRUCTURE FOR MIMO APPLICATIONS UNDER WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9 NETWORKS The first design attempt led to the structure proposed in figure 6. This antenna has two similar G-shaped elements which are located at a small distance g from the PCB card of the USB dongle.  Fig. 4. Antenna proposed for MIMO applications without isolation technique Based on the concept proposed in [8], a neutralization line is added between these two antenna elements to increase the isolation. According to [8], the location of the neutralization line must be chosen where the surface current is maximum.  G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9   Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020                   ISSN: 2509-011 241  Fig. 5. Surface current distribution at 5.5 GHz frequency  Fig. 6. Antenna proposed for MIMO applications with isolation technique We choose 𝑑  =  1.5 𝑚𝑚, 𝑑 = 1.9 𝑚𝑚, et 𝑑 = 1.5 𝑚𝑚. The thickness is 0.5 mm.  Figure 7 shows the simulated reflection losses of the proposed antenna array. The results claim that the proposed structure has a bandwidth ranging from 5.17 GHz to over 7 GHz, which is more than the precision required for the frequency band of interest WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9 (5150-5925 GHz). This makes the proposed antenna more robust during integration, thus providing some margin against proximity effects from other components inside the package that may cause certain frequency changes. G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9   Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020                   ISSN: 2509-011 242  Fig. 7. Reflection coefficient of the proposed antenna with the neutralizing line We also see that the isolation between the two antenna elements is always better than -10 dB from 5.0 to 6.0 GHz encompassing the desired WLAN operating band (Figure 8).  Fig. 8. Comparison of S21 coefficients with and without insulation technique G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9   Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020                   ISSN: 2509-011 243   Fig. 9. Surface Current Distribution (Port 1 Energized) Figure 9 shows the simulated surface current distribution of the proposed antenna array at 5.5 GHz. It can be seen that at the resonant frequency, when the first antenna element resonates (Port 1 energized), little current dissipates to the port of the other antenna element (Port 2). Instead, the current is concentrated on the radiating antenna itself and the neutralization line as well as a minimal part of the second antenna.  Fig. 10. Radiation patterns on planes E and H The figure above represents the radiation patterns on planes E and H. Also, we note that the antenna reaches the maximum gain of 4.4 dBi at the frequency 5.1 GHz. III. CONCLUSION In this research, a G-shaped antenna was employed for its seamless integration into the overarching design. G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9   Vol. 18 No. 2 January 2020                   ISSN: 2509-011 244 The foundational structure was derived from a design put forth by W.-C. Liu. Subsequently, we incorporated it into a USB dongle and introduced an additional antenna element to facilitate its utilization in MIMO applications within WLAN networks. To enhance insulation, a neutralization line was introduced between these two antenna elements. REFERENCES [1] M. Younssi, A. Jaoujal, N. Aknin, and A. E. Moussaoui, “Tri-band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna excited by a coaxial probe,” European Journal of Scientific Research, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 423–428, 2012. [2] Mohammed Younssi, Achraf Jaoujal, Ahmed El Moussaoui, and Noura Aknin, “Miniaturized Probe-Fed Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna for Radiolocation Applications,” International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 324–327, 2012. [3] A. Jaoujal, M. Younssi, A. E. Moussaoui, and N. Aknin, “Very Thin Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Communications,” Mediterranean Telecommunications Journal, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 113–115, Jul. 2013. [4] M. Younssi and N. Aknin, “Compact Planar Antenna for Multi-band LTE/WWAN Notebook Application,” presented at the Mediterranean Conference on Information & Communication Technologies, MedICT2015, Saïdia, 2015. [5] M. Younssi and N. Aknin, “Planar Multi-band Antenna for LTE/WWAN Laptop Application with Slotted Ground Structure,” presented at the Congrès Méditerranéen des Télécommunications, CMT2014, Mohammadia, May 2014. [6] M. Younssi, A. Jaoujal, M. H. D. Yaccoub, A. El Moussaoui, and N. Aknin, “Study of a Microstrip Antenna with and Without Superstrate for Terahertz Frequency,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 369–371, Apr. 2013. [7] W.-C. Liu, “OPTIMAL DESIGN OF DUALBAND CPW-FED G-SHAPED MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR WLAN APPLICATION,” 2007. Accessed: Dec. 22, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/OPTIMAL-DESIGN-OF-DUALBAND-CPW-FED-G-SHAPED-ANTENNA-Liu/25736970e6e8be554d2be3d84b20affb11f162c9 [8] S. Zhang, B. K. Lau, Y. Tan, Z. Ying, and S. He, “Mutual Coupling Reduction of Two PIFAs With a T-Shape Slot Impedance Transformer for MIMO Mobile Terminals,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, pp. 1521–1531, 2012, doi: 10.1109/tap.2011.2180329.   

G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9

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G-Shaped Antenna Mounted On USB Dongle Optimized For MIMO Applications Under WLAN 5.2/5.8/5.9

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International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies