Introduction: Therapeutic compliance is the adequacy of the patient's behavior regarding medical recommendations. In Madagascar, No survey has not yet been published in that regard. Thus, our purposes are to determine the compliancy rate of patients with chronic diseases in dermatology and to identify the factors affecting their therapeutic compliance.Methods: Monocentric descriptive and retrospective study performed in the dermatology department of Joseph Raseta Befelatanana University Hospital center, On a 6 months duration, among patients with chronic dermatoses.Results: We counted 133 patients with a compliancy rate of 35.34%. Several parameters particularly age, gender, educational level, salary, understanding of pathology and treatment, duration of follow-up, were considered and correlated with the rate of compliance to assess factors of good and bad compliance.Conclusion: In order to improve the therapeutic observance in care unit, It is necessary to intervene on the standard of living of the patients suffering from chronic dermatoses and to promote the therapeutic education accompanied by psychological support to make them understand their pathology as well as the appropriate treatment
