Poster presentation at the colloquium seminar, arranged by Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Chicoutimi, 11.10.2023

Benaissa, Sanae

Harvey, Derek

Khawaja, Hassan Abbas

Momen, Gelareh

Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad

English

Munin - Open Research Archive

Material specificationstandardsIndoor Artificial Snow Endurance TestThe SAE G-12 committee creates, maintains, andupdates documents for the Society ofAutomotive Engineers (SAE), which includedetailed standards and recommended practicescovering various de-icing and anti-icingtechniques, specifications for the use of aircraftde-icing and anti-icing fluids, qualification andtesting procedures, endurance testing,personnel training, and quality control.Failure Criteria forSnow Endurance Test:When 30% of the platesurface is coveredwith white snow, thetest is stopped,determining a failuretimeOptimization of ground icing protection for aircraft: Snowendurance tests, rheological analysis and thermography of anti-icing fluidsAircraft ground icing Aerospace StandardsMedium scaleImprovement of the snow deposition system for artificial snow endurancetestsAnalysis of Similarities Between ArtificialSnow and Natural SnowCharacterization of Anti-Icing FluidsRheology of Fluids and BehaviorThe anti-icing fluids studied in this research projectLufft WS600-UMBSmart Weather Sensor3-WIRE GEONORSENSORPARSIVEL (LASEROPTICAL) DISDROMETERSLF Snow SensorThermography of Anti-IcingLiquidsEG 106 70 % EG 106 100 % EG 106 50 % EG 106  30 %References Conclusion and PerspectivesThe Herschel-Bulkley fluid modelMathematical Models for the Behavior of shearthinning FluidsEG 106 Polar Guard AdvancePG : 6 Snow deposit EG : 16 Snow depositPropylene Glycol 50 %MethodologySmall scaleThe fluids studied in this section are EG106 SAE Type IV and Polar Guard Advance Type IV. EG 106 is an ethylene glycol-based product, and PG isa propylene glycol-based product. For each test, 16.2 g of the product was placed on a small aluminum plate with a thickness of about 1.6 mm.The tests were conducted at -5 °C, and the cold chamber ventilation was set at 60. During this test, several snow deposits of the same quantitywere applied to each product every 2 minutesEndurance TimeTesting Standard forAnti-Icing FluidsThe use of de-icingand anti-icing fluidsOutdoor Natural Snow Endurance TestThe productionof artificial snown < 1 The fluid exhibits shear-thinningpropertiesThe development of a reliableindoor artificial snowendurance test thatcorrelates with and canreplace outdoor natural snowendurance testsProblematic Objectives Let's return to some fundamental principles to understand the behavior of aircraftanti-icing fluids during endurance testsOn an airplane wing On standardizedtest platesPolar Guard AdvanceEG-106 Ethylene glycol 50 % AeroClear MAX Safewing MP II FLIGHT Propylene Glycol < 55 %Ethylene glycol  50 %Type IIType IIIType IVType IVSanae Benaissa Gelareh Momen, Derek Harvey, Seyed Mohammad Taghavi, Hassan Khawaja Department of Applied Sciences University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canadasbenaissa2@etu.uqac.caThermography of Anti-Icing FluidsRheology of Fluidsand BehaviorAnalysis of the similarities between artificial snow and natural snowCharacterization of Anti-Icing FluidsImprovement of the snow deposition system for artificial snowendurance testsNakaya Snow Crystal Morphology DiagramMorphology of Natural Snown=0.21n=0.27 n=0.38 n=0.71The value of n=1 indicates that the fluid exhibits Newtonian behaviorWe are approaching a Newtonian behaviorImprovement and extension ofthe machine's limitsNumerous mathematical expressions have been proposed in the literature to model thecharacteristics of shear-thinning fluids. The following figures present the most suitable model forthe studied fluids among five modelsThe elimination of flow effects and the study of theimpact of snow intensity and temperature on thediffusion and concentration evolution of glycolInstruments that measuretemperature, relative humidity,precipitation intensity,precipitation type, precipitationamount, atmospheric pressure,wind direction, wind speed, LiquidWater Content (LWC), and snowdensityImprovement of snow distribution anduniformity, as well as the integration of anautomated numerical method for failuredetection reportingThe operating temperature limits for themachine ranged from -5 °C to -25 °COur goal is to pushthe machine's limitsto simulate abroader range ofnatural weatherconditionsStart of test Snow deposit Maximumtemperature dropSnow melting The snow hascompletely meltedThe temperature drop using EG 106is more significant than that withPolar Guard AdvanceTo better visualize this phenomenon, athermal analysis of the first snowdeposit is presentedThis highlights the degradation in performance of each fluidThis research will provide new measurements and information on artificial snow, which should lead to the development of new correlated tests on artificial snow. The rheological characterization of aircraft anti-icing fluids still needs to be developed, with the industrial standard only requiring the measurement of viscosity,surface tension, and pH for these fluids. Studying the aerodynamic performance of fluids with different glycol concentrations at various temperatures will help us better characterize the endurance of thestudied fluids. An improvement of the snow machine will be carried out during this projectAMS, "SAE AMS 1424 Fluid, Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing, SAEType I,"  vol. REV. R, 2020, p. 16Libbrecht et K. G, "The physics of snow crystals," Reports onProgress in Physics, vol. 68, pp. 855-895, 2005-04-01 2005CHHABRA, Raj P. et RICHARDSON, John Francis. Non-Newtonian flow and applied rheology: engineeringapplications. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2011Each color represents a snow depositThese fluids are non-Newtonian with pseudoplastic behavior, providing good adhesion andsurface protection by forming a thick protective film at rest with sufficiently high viscosity,and easy flow during ground acceleration due to decreased viscosity

Optimization of ground icing protection for aircraft: Snow endurance tests, rheological analysis and thermography of anti-icing fluids

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Optimization of ground icing protection for aircraft: Snow endurance tests, rheological analysis and thermography of anti-icing fluids

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