Nurse's activities in treating patients with ventricular arrhythmia

Abstract

Ventrikularne aritmije su poremećaji ritma srca koji nastaju zbog poremećenog rada srčanog provodnog sustava. U ventrikularne aritmije ubrajaju se ventrikularne ekstrasistole, ventrikularna tahikardija i ventrikularna fibrilacija. Ventrikularne ekstrasistole (VES) najčešći su oblik aritmija, te se mogu pojaviti i kod zdravih osoba. Ventrikularna tahikardija (VT) i ventrikularna fibrilacija (VF) mogu biti uzrok iznenadne srčane smrti. Simptomi koji se pojavljuju kod oboljelih od ventrikularnih aritmija najčešće su: palpitacije, slabost, nedostatak zraka, vrtoglavica, gubitak svijesti i stenokardija. U postavljanju dijagnoze najvažniji je elektrokardiogram. Novija dostignuća tehnologije omogućila su prevenciju i liječenje ventrikularnih aritmija odnosno prevenciju iznenadne smrti. U liječenju osim korištenja antiaritmika i elektrokardioverzije pozitivan učinak ima i ugradnja implantabilnog kardioverter defibrilatora te radiofrekventna ablacija. Medicinska sestra ima značajnu ulogu u sudjelovanju pri dijagnostičkim i terapijskim postupcima. U Jedinici intenzivne koronarne skrbi odgovorna je za praćenje bolesnikova stanja, rano uočavanje znakova i simptoma životno ugrožavajućih aritmija te poduzimanje prvih hitnih intervencija koje spašavaju bolesnikov život. Također, njena zadaća je sudjelovanje u reanimacijskim postupcima, defibrilaciji bolesnika, elektrokardioverziji te zbrinjavanju bolesnika prije i nakon provedenih terapijskih postupaka kao što su ugradnja implantabilnog kardioverter defibrilatora i radiofrekventne ablacije. U djelokrug rada medicinske sestre kod bolesnika s ventrikularnim aritmijama spada i provođenje zdravstvene njege, provođenje sestrinskih intervencija u svrhu rješavanja bolesnikovih problema i zdravstveni odgoj. Zdravstveni odgoj se kod bolesnika s ventrikularnim aritmijama svodi na osposobljavanje bolesnika da prepozna aritmiju, uzima propisanu terapiju i stekne znanje i vještine za život nakon ugradnje implatibilnog kardioverter defibrilatora.Ventricular arrhythmias are abnormal heart rhythms that occur due to a disturbance in the cardiac conduction system. Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular extrasystoles (VES) are the most common form of arrhythmias, and can even occur in healthy people. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrilation (VF) can cause sudden cardiac death. Symptoms that are the most common in patients with ventricular arrhytmias are palpitations, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness, loss of consciousness and angina pectoris. The electrocardiogram is the most important test method in establishing the diagnosis. New technology developments have enabled the prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, that is, the prevention of sudden death. In addition to treatment by antiarrhythmics and electrical cardioversion, a positive impact in treatment is also seen with the implantation of cardioverter defibrillator and radiofrequency ablation. The nursing role is significant in participating in diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. In Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, she is responsible for continuous monitoring of the patients, early detection of signs and symptoms of life-threatening arrhythmias, and undertaking emergency care procedures that save the patient's life. Furhermore, the nurse is tasked to assist in resuscitation procedures, patient defibrillation, electrical cardiovesion, and patient care before and after therapeutic procedures such as the installation of a cardioverter defibrillator and radiofrequency ablation. The scope of a nurse's work for patients with ventricular arrhythmias includes the enforcment of health care, conducting nursing interventions to solve the patient's problems and health education. Health education for patients with ventricular arrhythmias is based on training the patient to recognize the arrhythmia, take prescribed therapy, and acquire knowledge and skills for life after the cardioverter defibrillator installation

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