Conservative Scattering of Reissner-Nordstr\"om Black Holes at Third Post-Minkowskian Order

Abstract

Using a recently developed effective field theory formalism for extreme mass ratios [2308.14832], we present a calculation of charged black hole scattering at third post-Minkowskian order. The charges and masses are kept arbitrary, and the result interpolates from the scattering of Schwarzschild to extremal charged black holes, and beyond to charged particles in electrodynamics -- agreeing with previously reported results in all such limits. The computation of the radial action is neatly organized in powers of the mass ratio. The probe (0SF) contributions are readily computed by direct integration of the radial momentum, and we use the effective field theory to compute the subleading (1SF) contributions via background-field Feynman rules supplemented by an operator encoding recoil of the background. Together these contributions completely determine the conservative physics at order~$\mathcal{O}(G^{3})$.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figure