Bipolar solitary wave interactions within the Schamel equation

Abstract

Pair soliton interactions play a significant role in the dynamics of soliton turbulence. The interaction of solitons with different polarities is particularly crucial in the context of abnormally large wave formation, often referred to as freak or rogue waves, as these interactions result in an increase in the maximum wave field. In this article, we investigate the features and properties of bipolar soliton interactions within the framework of the non-integrable Schamel equation, contrasting them with the integrable modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. We examine variations in moments and extrema of the wave fields. Additionally, we identify scenarios in which, in the bipolar solitary wave interaction, the smaller solitary wave transfers a portion of its energy to the larger one, causing an increase in the amplitude of the larger solitary wave and a decrease in the amplitude of the smaller one, returning them to their pre-interaction state. Notably, we observe that non-integrability can be considered a factor that triggers the formation of rogue waves