Hierarchies among Genuine Multipartite Entangling Capabilities of Quantum Gates

Abstract

We categorize quantum gates according to their capability to generate genuine multipartite entanglement based on the hierarchy of multipartite separable states. In particular, when a fixed unitary operator acts on the set of k-separable states, the maximal (average) genuine multipartite entanglement (GME) content produced via that particular unitary operator is determined after maximizing over the set of k-separable input states. We identify unitary operators that are beneficial for generating high GME when the input states are entangled in some bipartition, although the picture can also be reversed in which entanglement in inputs does not help. We characterize maximum entangling power of a variety of unitary operators including special classes of quantum gates, diagonal, permutation and Haar uniformly generated unitary operators by computing generalized geometric measure (GGM) as GME quantifier. We determine the unitary operators and their corresponding inputs which can create the resulting states having maximum GGM.Comment: v1: 8 pages, 8 figures; v2: 11 pages, 6 figures, new sections including new results adde