The survey was conducted during the period 2019-2022 in the vineyard areas of Diyarbakır, Mardin, Elazığ, Batman, and Şanlıurfa provinces. Studies were carried out to identify parasitoids of the wood-tissue pest Chlorophorus damascenus, which has recently become a problem in vineyard areas that are old and exposed to stress factors. Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were obtained from Chlorophorus damascenus. C. damascenus was a new host for D. populneus

Ataş, Mustafa

Çoruh, Saliha

English

University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology: Open Journal Systems

 Acta Entomologica Serbica, 2023, 28(2): xx-xx UDC: DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10033775    PARASITOIDS OF CHLOROPHORUS DAMASCENUS (CHEVROLAT) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) IN VINEYARDS OF  SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA REGION   MUSTAFA ATAŞ1* and SALIHA ÇORUH2  1 Diyarbakır Plant Protection Research Institute, Diyarbakır, Türkiye 2 Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Erzurum, Türkiye  *E-mail: mustafa.atas@tarimorman.gov.tr, spekel@atauni.edu.tr (corresponding author)    Abstract  The survey was conducted during the period 2019-2022 in the vineyard areas of Diyarbakır, Mardin, Elazığ, Batman, and Şanlıurfa provinces. Studies were carried out to identify parasitoids of the wood-tissue pest Chlorophorus damascenus, which has recently become a problem in vineyard areas that are old and exposed to stress factors. Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were obtained from Chlorophorus damascenus. C. damascenus was a new host for D. populneus.   KEY WORDS: Chlorophorus damascenus, Dolichomitus populneus, Iphiaulax impostor, Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey   Introduction  The family Cerambycidae is known as longhorn beetles, longhorns, kids, locust beetles, timber beetles, round-headed borers, or saw beetles (bockkäfer) because of their long antennae. It is an economically important family (Kariyanna et al., 2017) It is one of the families with the highest number of species in the order Coleoptera. Long antennae and rather elongated are used as general diagnostic features for them. They are generally distributed in mountainous areas up to 4,200 m above sea level, where their host plants are found. Most cerambycid insects are phytophagous. Many species are significant pests of forest and city trees. The larval stages of species in the Cerambycidae family may show different behaviors. Most species feed on dead, dying, or even rotting wood, but some may use living plant tissue. The larvae of several species move freely in the soil, feeding on roots from the outside or tunneling under the root crown. Most adult cerambicids, especially the brightly colored ones, feed on flowers. In general, adult nutritional 2 M. ATAŞ & S. ÇORUH   requirements are variable; some species feed on sap, leaves, flowers, fruits, bark, and fungi, not usually associated with a larval host, while others feed on ittle or no food, except in water (Monné & Hovore, 2005; Özdikmen, 2021). Chlorophorus damascenus (Chevrolat, 1854) is an extremely important pest for fruit trees. The larvae feed on the branches of the host tree and pupate. Adults feed on leaves and bark (Bolu et al., 2010).  C. damascenus is distributed in Cyprus, Egypt, Greece (Rhodes Island), Israel, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Türkiye. Therefore, it has a Mediterranean chorotype (Özdikmen & Cihan, 2016; Danilevsky, 2019). For many years, C. damascenus was designated a subspecies of Chlorophorus varius (Müller, 1776). Recent studies have shown that it is a different species (Özdikmen & Cihan, 2016). Morphological identification, hosts, and distribution characteristics in Turkey were made by Özdikmen and Cihan (2016). C. damascenus has reddish legs and antennae. The legs and antennae of C. varius are black. As a result, it is easy to distinguish between the two (Ataş et al., 2022).  The family Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera), commonly known as ichneumon wasps or Darwin wasps, is a very large parasitoid group in the insect order Hymenoptera in terms of number of species. Ichneumonids help in controlling insect numbers by eliminating many insects before they reach the reproductive stage. With 25,285 described species in 1,601 genera, as listed in the catalogue of Yu et al. (2016), parasitoid species belonging to the Ichneumonidae family make it one of the richest families in the world in terms of distribution and diversity. (Spasojevic et al., 2018). The number of Ichneumonidae species in Turkey is increasing day by day thanks to the studies carried out (Özdemir, 1996; Yurtcan et al., 1999; Çoruh et al., 2002; Özbek et al., 2003; Çoruh et al., 2005).  Braconidae is a family of parasitic wasps in the order Hymenoptera. It constitutes 21,221 described species in 1,103 genera. Species in the family are mostly tropical and subtropical (Yu et al., 2016). Members of this family are usually black, red, orange, and/or white. These species are small to medium-sized insects; females have large ovipositors (Sharkey, 1993). Most Braconidae species are idiobiont ectoparasitoids whose larvae have a habit of feeding on xylem and stem. Several species are known to parasitize hidden fly and sawfly larvae. Several genera are also known to be endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera pupae (Van Achtenberg, 1980). Accordingly, Holometabola represents a great and powerful biological weapon against pests in the insect orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Lepidoptera (Baird, 1958; Lewis et al., 1990).  The aim of this study was to identify parasitoids of Chlorophorus damascenus, a wood-tissue pest that has become a problem in vineyard areas, and to contribute to biological control.   Material and Methods  The samples were collected from Kocaköy, Yenişehir and Sur (Diyarbakır), Arıcak (Elazığ), Mazıdağı (Mardin), Gercüş (Batman), and Siverek (Şanlıurfa) vine stems by cutting the root crown and stem up to 90-100 cm in length in length (Fig. 1). The samples were 20-30 cm to fit their containers and cut into pieces and put in clear plastic boxes. The stems and branches with growth retardation or drying were brought to the laboratory and grown in a climate chamber (26±2°C, 55-60% relative humidity). Iphiaulax impostor (Fig.3), and Dolichomitus populneus (Fig. 4) were obtained as parasitoids. D. populneus was described by Saliha Çoruh (Erzurum Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection). I. impostor was identified by Ahmet Beyarslan (Bitlis Eren University). The host pest was identified by Hüseyin Özdikmen (Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology). Samples collected are kept in the Entomology Laboratory of the Diyarbakır Plant Protection Research Institute (Diyarbakır, Türkiye).   Prasitoids of Chlorophorus damascenus in vineyards of Southeastern Anatolia region 3     Figure 1. Study areas in Turkey: Diyarbakır, Elazığ, Mardin, Şanlıurfa and Batman.   Results and Discussion  Longhorn beetles are one of the easily recognized insect families due to their antennae and distinctive coloration. Cerambycid species are the most common insect species in collections. Pre-adult stages feed on wood tissue. This feeding results in tunnels in the wood tissue. Because they inhibit transmission in plants, they are considered important pests (Borror, 1981). C. damascenus is an extremely important pest of grape vines. The larvae feed and pupate inside the branches and trunk of the host. Adults feed on leaves and fresh shoots. Information about the natural enemy of the species and its distribution is as follows.  Family: Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802  Chlorophorus damascenus (Chevrolat, 1854) (Fig. 2)  General distribution: Asia Minor, Caucasus, Cyprus, Europe, Middle East (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel), northern Iran, south-western Siberia (Urals), Transcaucasia, western part of North Africa (Egypt) (Sama et al., 2010).  Distribution in Turkey: The species is apparently widely distributed in Turkey. Izmir (Demelt & Alkan, 1961; Gül-Zümreoğlu, 1975); Adana, Đçel, Karaman, Niğde (Özdikmen, 2006); Antalya, Niğde (Özdikmen & Demir, 2006); Şanlıurfa, Elazığ, Diyarbakır, Mardin (Ataş et al., 2022).  Host plant: Polyphagous in deciduous trees and herbaceous plants. Chlorophorus damascenus (Chevrolat) on Ficus carica L. (Demelt & Alkan, 1961; Gül-Zümreoğlu, 1975); Vitis vinifera L., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Quercus coccifera L., Cistus sp. (Ataş et al., 2022).  Natural enemy: Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli, 1763) (Bolu et al., 2010) (Fig. 3). Four parasitoids are reared from  six adult C. damascenus emerged from the branches and trunk collected from Vitis vinifera from Diyarbakır (380 13’ 30" N, 390 45’ 24" E, at an altitude of about 828 m Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Fig. 4.) two parasitoid are reared from four adult C. damascenus emerged from the branches and trunk collected from Vitis vinifera from Mardin (370 24’ 32" N, 400 27’ 05" E, at an altitude of about 1,029 m).  4 M. ATAŞ & S. ÇORUH        Figure 2. Chlorophorus damascenus (A) Adult, (B) Larvae, (C) Example of damage.   Family: Braconidae Nees, 1811  Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli, 1763)   Hosts pest: Acanthocinus aedilis (L.); Acanthoderes clavipes (Schrank), A. varius (F.), Aegomorphus clavipes (Schrank), Anthaxia morio (F.), Apriona germarii (Hope); Icosium tomentosum (Lucas) [on Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast.]; Leiopus nebulosus (L.), Melanophila picta (Pall.), Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier), M. sutor (L.), Oberea linearis (L.), Plagionotus arcuatus (L.), Purpuricenus budensis (Gotz), Rhagium inquisitor (L.), Saperda populnea (L.) [on Populus tremula L.], Xyleutes persona (Le Guillou), Zeuzera leuconotum (Butler) (Yu et al., 2016).  Associated plants: Populus tremula L. Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast. (Yu et al., 2016). General distribution: Afrotropical, Eastern Palaearctic, Europe, Oriental, Western Palaearctic (Yu et al., 2016).            Figure 3. Adult of Iphiaulax impostor.   Family: Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802  Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848)  Hosts pests: Catocala nymphaea (Esper), C. nymphagoga (Esper), Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.), Lampronia fuscatella (Tengström), Melanophila picta (Pall.), Myelois circumvoluta Fourcroy, Paranthrene tabaniformis Rott., Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres), Phymatodes pusillus (F.), Plagionotus arcuatus (L.), Rhagium Prasitoids of Chlorophorus damascenus in vineyards of Southeastern Anatolia region 5   inquisitor (L.),  R. sycophanta (Schrank), Saperda carcharias L., Saperda inornata Say [on Populus tremuloides Michx.], S. populnea (L.), [Populus tremula Michx. Salix caprea L.], Synanthedon culiciformis L., S. flaviventris (Staudinger), S. spheciformis (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Yu et al., 2016).  Associated plants: Betula spp., Populus spp., Populus tremula L., P. tremuloides Michx.; Salix spp., Salix caprea L. (Yu et al., 2016).  Distribution in Turkey: Erzurum, Isparta, Kars (Kolarov & Gürbüz, 2004; Çoruh & Özbek, 2008; Özbek et al., 2009; Çoruh & Kolarov, 2010; Çoruh et al., 2014).  General distribution: Eastern Palaearctic, Europe, Nearctic, Western Palaearctic (Yu et al., 2016).      Figure 4. (A) Adult, (B) Tarsus, (C) Ovipositor, (D) Front wing, (E) Ocelli.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to Dr. Hüseyin Özdikmen (Gazi University) and Dr. Ahmet Beyarslan (Bitlis Eren University) for the identification of hosts and braconid parasitoids.   References  Ataş, M., Özdikmen, H., & Kaydan, B. (2022). Chlorophorus damascenus (Chevrolat) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) as a new record for insect pest fauna on the grapevine, oleaster, oak and rockrose in Turkey with some new provincial records. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 17(1), 390-391. Baird, A. B. (1958). Biological control of insects and plant pests in Canada. In E. C. Baecker E. C. (Ed.), Proccedings of the 10th International Congress of Entomologist, Ottawa 4, 483-485. Bolu, H., Beyarslan, A., Aktürk, Z., & Yıldırım, H. (2010). Chlorophorus varius damascenus (Chevrolat, 1854) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a new host record for Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Biological Control, 1(2), 181-185. Borror, D. J. (1981). The songs and singing behaviour of the Red-eyed Vireo. The Condor, 83(3), 217-228. Çoruh, S. & Özbek, H. (2008). A faunistic and systematic study on Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in eastern and northeastern parts of Turkey. Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 40(1), 419-462.  6 M. ATAŞ & S. ÇORUH   Çoruh, S. & Kolarov, J. 2010. Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Northeastern Turkey. I. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 3, 177-186. Çoruh, S., Özbek, H., & Kolarov, J. (2002). New and rare taxa of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) from Turkey. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 4(1), 1-4. Çoruh, S., Özbek, H., & Kolarov, J. (2005). A contribution to the knowledge of Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera) from Turkey. Journal of Entomological Research Society, 7(3), 53-57. Çoruh, S., Kolarov, J., & Özbek, H. (2014). The fauna of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of eastern Turkey with zoogeographical remarks and host data. Journal of Insect Biodiversity, 2(16), 1-21. Danilevsky, M. L., Ruchin, A. B., & Egorov, L. V. (2019). Mass collection of two rare Longicorn-species (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Central Russia. Humanity space. International almanac, 8(9), 1179-1183. Demelt, C. V., & Alkan, B. (1961). Türkiye‘nin Cerambycid fauna'sı üzerine kısa bilgi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 2(10), 49-56. [in Turkish]. Gül-Zümreoğlu, S. (1975). Ege Bölgesi Teke böcekleri (Cerambycidae: Coleoptera) türleri, taksonomileri, konukçuları ve yayılış alanları üzerinde araştırmalar. T. C. Gıda-Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Zirai Mücadele ve Zirai Karantina Genel Müdürlüğü, Araştırma Eserleri Serisi, Teknik Bülten. Đzmir, 28, 208 pp. [in Turkish]. Kariyanna, B., Mohan, M., & Gupta, R. (2017). Biology, ecology and significance of longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5, 1207-1212. Kolarov J., & Gürbüz, M. F. (2004). A study of the Turkish Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) I. Pimplinae. Linzer Biologische Beiträge, 36(2), 841-845. Lewis, W. J., Vet, L. E. M., Tumlinson, J. C., Van Lenteren, J. C., & Papaj, D. R. (1990). Variations in parasitoid foraging behavior: essential element of a sound biological control theory. Environmental Entomology, 19(5), 1183-1193. Monné M. A., & Hovore, F. T. (2005). Electronic checklist of the Cerambycidae of the Western Hemisphere, 2005 Version (updated through 01 January 2006), 393 pp. Özbek, H., Çoruh, S., & Kolarov, J. (2003). A contribution to the Ichneumonidae fauna of Turkey. Subfamily Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera). Entomofauna, 24, 157-163. Özbek, H., Tozlu, G., & Çoruh, S. (2009). Parasitoids of the small poplar longhorn beetle, Saperda populnea (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in the Aras Valley (Kars and Erzurum provinces), Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 33(1), 111-113. Özdemir, Y. (1996). Ichneumonides Banchinae et Ichneumoninae d’ Anatolie Centrale. Plant Protection Bulletin, 36, 91-104. Özdikmen H. (2006). Contribution to the knowledge of Turkish longicorn beetles fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 1(1), 71-90.  Özdikmen, H. (2021). An annotated catalogue: Cerambycoidea (Cerambycidae and Vesperidae) of Turkey (Coleoptera). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 16(3), 1273-1556. Özdikmen H., & Demir, E. 2006. Notes on longicorn beetles fauna of Turkey (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 1(1), 157-166. Özdikmen, H., & Cihan, N. (2016). Updated list of Chlorophorus Chevrolat, 1863 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae) species from Turkey, with two new restorations. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(2), 365-376.  Sama G., Buse, J., Orbach, E., Friedman, A. L. L., Rittner, O. O., & Chikatunov, V. V. (2010). A new catalogue of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of Israel with notes on their distribution and host plants. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 5(1), 1-51. Sharkey M. J. (1993). Family Braconidae Hymenoptera of the World: an identification guide to families. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 362–395. Spasojevic, T., Wedmann, S., & Klopfstein, S. (2018). Seven remarkable new fossil species of parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene. Messel Pit, 13(6), 74-77. Prasitoids of Chlorophorus damascenus in vineyards of Southeastern Anatolia region 7   Van Achterberg C. (1980). Notes on some species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) described by Hedwig from Iran and Afghanistan. Entomologische Berichten, 40(2), 25-31. Yu, D. S., Achterberg, C., & Horstmann, K. (2016). Interactive catalogue of world Ichneumonoidea, taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution, Compact Disc (Master version). Taxapad.  Yurtcan, M., Beyarslan, A., & Kolarov, J. (1999). Investigations on the Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) fauna of Turkey. V. Diplazontinae and Ichneumoninae. Acta Entomologica Bulgarica, 5, 34-36.                 ПАРАЗИТОИДИ CHLOROPHORUS DAMASCENUS (CHEVROLAT) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) У ВИНОГРАДИМА  ЈУГОИСТОЧНЕ АНАДОЛИЈЕ   МУСТАФА АТАШ И САЛИХА ЧОРУХ    Извод  Током периода 2019-2022 у виноградарским областима провинција Диарбакир, Мардин, Елазиг, Батман и Шанлијурфа спроведена су истраживања паразитоида на врсти стрижибубе Chlorophorus damascenus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Ова штеточина је у последње време постала проблем у старијим виноградима нарочито који су изложени стресним факторима. Врсте Dolichomitus populneus (Ratzeburg, 1848) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), и Iphiaulax impostor (Scopoli, 1763) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) су одгајене из Chlorophorus damascenus. Врста D. populneus је први пут регистрована из  C. damascenus.     Received: August 21st, 2023 Accepted: September 25th,2023 

PARASITOIDS OF CHLOROPHORUS DAMASCENUS (CHEVROLAT) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) IN VINEYARDS OF SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA REGION

https://aes.bio.bg.ac.rs/index.php/aes/article/download/372/489

PARASITOIDS OF CHLOROPHORUS DAMASCENUS (CHEVROLAT) (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) IN VINEYARDS OF SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA REGION

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

University of Belgrade - Faculty of Biology: Open Journal Systems