Reza Javaherdashti

Frontiers in Microbiology

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TYPE EditorialPUBLISHED 13 November 2023DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249565OPEN ACCESSEDITED AND REVIEWED BYDavid Emerson,Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences,United States*CORRESPONDENCEReza Javaherdashtijavaherdashti@mic-corrosion.com;javaherdashti@yahoo.comRECEIVED 28 June 2023ACCEPTED 13 October 2023PUBLISHED 13 November 2023CITATIONJavaherdashti R (2023) Editorial:Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC):its mechanisms, technological, economic, andenvironmental impacts.Front. Microbiol. 14:1249565.doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249565COPYRIGHT© 2023 Javaherdashti. This is an open-accessarticle distributed under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).The use, distribution or reproduction in otherforums is permitted, provided the originalauthor(s) and the copyright owner(s) arecredited and that the original publication in thisjournal is cited, in accordance with acceptedacademic practice. No use, distribution orreproduction is permitted which does notcomply with these terms.Editorial: Microbiologicallyinfluenced corrosion (MIC): itsmechanisms, technological,economic, and environmentalimpactsReza Javaherdashti*Eninco Engineering B.V., Hengelo, NetherlandsKEYWORDSmicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), microbiologically influenced deterioration(MID), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), extracellular electron transfer (EET), corrosion,bacteria, archaeaEditorial on the Research TopicMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC): its mechanisms,technological, economic, and environmental impactsOver the decades,MIC and its understanding have come a long way, yet many knowledgegaps remain. For instance, while we relatively know a lot about MIC for materials in water(particularly sea water), little is known about mechanisms by which MIC occurs in soil oreven atmospheric- aided MIC (Parra et al., 1996; Maruthamuthu et al., 2008). While we havea good basic understanding of microbiologically influenced corrosion, we relatively knowless about microbiologically influenced deterioration (MID), the former specific to metalsand the latter to be used to address it for non-metals. On the hand, MIC studies used tobe mainly revolving around the impact of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and have nowmoved to consider the importance of other groups of bacteria and archaea. An exampleis Pseudomonas family whose corrosive impact on engineering materials is known at leastfrom 1962 (Eagon, 1962) and have been isolated from many oil and gas sites around theworld (Bairi et al., 2023) their impact on accelerating corrosion via rapid biofilm (Temenos)formation (Mansouri et al., 2014; Javaherdashti, 2017).Also, instead of putting emphasis on single type cultures of bacteria, now mixed culturesand their effects on corrosion are being studied. Before mid-1980s, the corrosive actionof SRB was being explained by CMIC (Chemical microbiologically influenced corrosion)parameters, that is contribution of chemical species to this corrosion phenomenon. Afterthat (and for the first time, it was discovered for SRB) it was found out that there could beanother way of explaining the corrosive action of SRB in addition to many other theoriesthrough EMIC (Electrical Microbiologically influenced corrosion). EMIC, in simple terms,puts forward that bacteria attach themselves directly on the metal surface and take electronsdirectly from themetal via threemechanisms collectively referred to as Extracellular ElectronTransfer (EET) (Reguera et al., 2005; Kato, 2016). Literally speaking, this way bacteria thatreceives electrons can be regarded as the cathode and the metal remains the anode.A frequently used scale to measure the severity and intensity of corrosion is to measurethe speed at which corrosion can progress (i.e., corrosion rate). Corrosion rate can beexpressed in various units such as mpy (miles per year), ipy (inch per year) or mm/y(millimeter per year). While CMIC can explain observed corrosion rates of 16 mpy, EMICcan provide mechanistic evidence for cases where the observed corrosion rate is 36 mpyFrontiers inMicrobiology 01 frontiersin.orgJavaherdashti 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1249565(Enning and Garrelfs, 2014). EMIC has been observed bacteriaother than SRB such Nitrate-reducing bacteria (Rajala, 2017) andMethanogens (Kato, 2016).In this Research Topic collection of papers, the contributingresearchers have looked at the problem of MIC from differentaspects and in very innovative ways. In many MIC studies, thetradition has it that the studied material has been carbon steel andthe bacteria will pure or mixed cultures of SRB. Two of the researchpapers do considerMIC in steel, but in a different context: the paperby Mihaela Stancu on MIC of carbon steel by Stenotrophomonasand Bacillus is an attempt to study the impact of non-SRB oncarbon steel and is expected to spark discussions among MICprofessionals. The paper by Shi et al., also considers MIC ofX65 steel. Researchers who are mainly interested in studying theperformance of ferrous materials against microbial species, willfind those papers interesting and significant. Undoubtedly, oneof the most believed issues in industry is legendary resistanceof copper and its alloys against MIC. This that stems from thefact that copper, along some other metals such as silver andmolybdenum are known to have toxic effects on microorganisms(Kato, 2016). The review by Amendola and Acharjee on MIC ofCopper and its alloys and also the paper by Li et al. on MICof Cupro-nickel alloys are two very important papers in thisfield. The latter along with the paper by Yang et al. can also beassessed among pioneering works on the role of Pseudomonasbacteria on MIC, in this regard these papers are expected totake the attention of professionals to MIC-related bacteria otherthan SRB.Due to the very nature of MIC which is reflected inboth industry and research activities, our aim has been tohave an equilibrium between academic research interests andindustrial applications., thus this RT is pleased to includeseveral contributions from industrial researchers. Papers by Shiet al. (off-shore industry) and Stamps et al. (Biodeteriorationin Biodiesel storage tanks) can be mentioned. The latterpaper is an investigation of symbiotic action of fungal andbacterial proliferation in inducing MIC. This is another examplenovel interactions that can stretch the existing boundaries ofMIC research. Another new avenue of research on MIC ismodification of surfaces that are susceptible to MIC, andnanotechnology has proved to offer new innovations, in thisregard. This technology can also be used in chemical treatmentof MIC.While this Research Topic offers many new insights into MIC,there are still many aspects of MIC that I would still hope to seemore of. Topics such as the economy and ecology consequencesof ignoring MIC/MID, or more detailed discussions on MIC/MIDmechanisms, advanced modeling of MIC/MID and many more. Ihope that in the future these topics and many more will be covered.I would like to sincerely thank Mr. Colin N Shaw, ResearchIntegrity Specialist at Frontiers, for his invaluable support andcomments. Also, my sincere thanks go our topic editors Prof. Dr.Judit Telegdi (Hungary) and Prof. Dr. Raman Singh (Australia) fortheir supports and kind contributions, in addition to our reviewerswho assisted us to select the best possible papers. Our highestthanks and appreciations go to our authors who kindly shared theirexperiences with us and with the readers of this Research Topic. Myhighest personal appreciation goes to past and present individualswho at Frontiers assisted in bringing this Research Topic froman idea to a reality: Commissioning Specialists, particularly Ms.Katrin Ansorge and her tireless efforts to facilitate and ease-offthe procedure for us. It goes without saying that if it was not forFrontiers support, this publication would never come to life; I amvery glad that Frontiers believed in me and allowed me to use theirresources to make such a unique contribution to MIC industry.Author contributionsThe author confirms being the sole contributor of this work andhas approved it for publication.Conflict of interestRJ was employed by Eninco Engineering B.V.Publisher’s noteAll claims expressed in this article are solely those of theauthors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliatedorganizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and thereviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, orclaim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsed by the publisher.ReferencesBairi, L. R., Bhuyan, P., Ghosh, A., Narang, M., and Mandal, S. (2023). Microbiallyinduced corrosion issues in the underground buried crude oil and natural gas bearingpipelines: a review.Mater. Corr. doi: 10.1002/maco.202313950Eagon, R. G. (1962). Pseudomonas natriegens, a marine bacteriumwith a generation time of less than 10 minutes. J. Bacteriol. 83, 736–737.doi: 10.1128/jb.83.4.736-737.1962Enning, D., and Garrelfs, J. (2014). Corrosion of iron by sulfate-reducingbacteria: new views of an old problem. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 80, 1226–1236.doi: 10.1128/AEM.02848-13Javaherdashti, R. (2017). “Microbiologically influenced corrosion-An EngineeringInsight”, 2nd edition. Cham: Springer, UK. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-44306-5Kato, S. (2016). Microbial extracellular electron transfer and its relevanceto iron corrosion. Microb. Biotechnol. 9, 141–148. doi: 10.1111/1751-7915.12340Mansouri, H. R., Alavi, S. A., Javaherdashti, R., Esmaeili, H., Mansouri, H., andKariman, A. (2014). pH effect microbial corrosion of Corten steel and Carbonsteel in oily waste water with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IOSR J. Eng. 4, 28–32.doi: 10.9790/3021-04162832Maruthamuthu, S., Muthukumar, N., Natesan, M., and Palaniswamy, N. (2008).Role of air microbes on atmospheric corrosion. Curr. Sci. 94, 359–363.Parra, A., Carpio, J. J., and Martinez, L. (1996). Microbial Corrosion of MetalsExposed to Air in Tropical Marine Environments. Houston, TX, USA: NACE, 287.Rajala, P. (2017). Microbially-Induced Corrosion of Carbon Steel in a GeologicalRepository Environment. Helsinki: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.,University of Helsinki.Reguera, G., McCarthy, K. D., Mehta, T., Nicoll, J. S., Tuominen, M. T., andLovley, D. R. (2005). Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires. Nature435, 1098e1101. doi: 10.1038/nature03661Frontiers inMicrobiology 02 frontiersin.org

Editorial: Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC): its mechanisms, technological, economic, and environmental impacts

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Editorial: Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC): its mechanisms, technological, economic, and environmental impacts

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