With the progressive implementation of digital services over virtualized infrastructures and smart devices, the inspection of network traffic becomes more challenging than ever, because of the difficulty to run legacy cybersecurity tools in novel cloud models and computing paradigms. The main issues concern i) the portability of the service across heterogeneous public and private infrastructures, that usually lack hardware and software acceleration for efficient packet processing, and ii) the difficulty to integrate monolithic appliances in modular and agile containerized environments. In this Chapter, we investigate the usage of the extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) for effective and efficient packet inspection in virtualized environments. Our preliminary implementation demonstrates that we can achieve the same performance as well-known packet inspection tools, but with far less resource consumption. This motivates further research work to extend the capability of our framework and to integrate it in Kubernetes
