Andrea Madinelli

Andrea Stefanutto

Andrea Vendramin

Cristina Comuzzo

Cristina Rossetto

Francesco Cumini

Francesco Rovedo

Isabella Perlin

Lara Iaiza

Luca Zanchettin

Marcello Franchini

Marta Pieri

Marta Trevisan

Saimon Ferfolja

Sara Vezzaro

Stefano Filacorda

Yannick Fanin

English

Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università degli Studi di Udine

Distribution of wolf and golden jackal in the north east of Italy and their interactionsVendramin A. 1, Fanin Y. 2, Ferfolja S. 1, Vezzaro S. 1, Comuzzo C. 1, Perlin I. 2, Trevisan M. 1, Franchini M. 2, Madinelli A. 2, Iaiza L. 3, Pieri M. 2, Zanchettin L. 2, RossettoC. 2, Rovedo F. 1, Cumini F. 1, Stefanutto A. 1, Filacorda S. 2Conferenza Internazionale Conclusiva del Progetto LIFE WolfAlpsTrento 19-20 marzo 2018Discussions and ConclusionsAssessing the real distribution and the nature of interactions among these species, is quite hard, due the dynamic of expansion of both species. However we can assume that the presence ofthe wolf is still rare in the region while the golden jackal is more consolidated. We can assume that between wolf and golden jackal exist an interaction. Despite from other studies (e.g.Mohammadi et al., 2017) the existence of a negative interaction among the two species has been identified, we can’t determine the type of interaction due to lack of data.Further and detailed studies in terms of monitoring methods, are strongly suggested in order to obtain more detailed information concerning the presence and interaction among these twosympatric carnivores in the Region.1 Associazione "Il Villaggio degli Orsi"2 Università degli Studi di Udine3 Konrad Lorenz InstituteCorresponding author: e-mail: marcello.franch1988@libero.itIntroductionHuman activities are one of the main causes which may lead to species extinction worldwide (Woodroffe, 2000). Factors such as human persecution, deforestation and decrease of naturalpreys, caused the decline in wolf (Canis lupus) population, once widespread throughout the Alps (Zimen and Boitani, 1975; Lucchini et al., 2004). In Friuli Venezia Giulia it became extinct in1869, when the last individual has been killed near Budoia in the Province of Pordenone. The golden jackal (Canis aureus), following the European expansion process, arrived in Friuli fromBalkans for the first time, probably, in 1984. (Lapini, 2009). Subsequently the species has spread in all the regional province.In 2010 a lone wolf individual was detected with camera trap in the karst area of Basovizza near the slovenian boundary. In the Slovenia Territory there are some stable wolf packs (Chapronet al 2014). In 2013 the first evidence of the wolf return was recorded in the Carnic Pre-Alps (Pordenone), and thanks to Life WolfAlps monitoring, it was possible to confirm its presence in ValTramontina (Pordenone) and Carnic pre-alps (Udine) until winter 2014-2015. After one year of absence (no signs of presence were collected), in 2016 wolf appeared again in the Region, butin the area of Magredi (Pordenone), where golden jackal was present in the same year.At the beginning of this year, a single wolf individual was detected in the Cansiglio area. The Cansiglio forest is a ZSC, located between Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia.The aim of this study is, then, to assess the distribution and interaction among these two sympatric carnivores in Friuli Venezia Giulia.Province Transect NumberLenght (km)Total fecalsamplesPossible wolffecal samplesHairsamplesPordenonePonte Giulio 3 8.26 2 - -San Leonardo 4 8.25 2 - -Tesis 4 9.18 2 - -Casarotto 4 8.66 7 4 1Total - 15 129.14 13 4 1Study area and methodsFor data collection, different methods were implemented: linear and close path transects were mainly used to assess the wolf presence, acoustic survey for golden jackal and camera trappingfor both species. Concerning wolf, between December 2017 and March 2018, four transects were planned in the province of Pordenone (Magredi area) and it was adopted the WolfAlpsprotocol to collect samples. To assess the presence of golden jackal, two sessions of jackal howling per year were realized (from 2010 and 2018). Camera was active only in the area ofMagredi during spring/summer 2016.ProvinceNumber of jackal coupleMin. Max.Gorizia 5 7Trieste 4 7Udine 1 2Pordenone 0 0Map A: Wolf transects in Magredi.Map B: Distribution of golden jackal and wolf in Friuli Venezia Giulia.Table A: Sample collected during wolf transects from 2017 to 2018 in the Province of Pordenone.Table B: Estimation of jackal couple recorded from 2016 to 2018 in the different Provinces. ReferencesChapron, G., Kaczensky, P., Linnell, J. D., von Arx, M., Huber, D., Andrén, H., ... & Balčiauskas, L. (2014). Recovery of large carnivores in Europe’s modern human-dominated landscapes. science, 346(6216), 1517-1519.Mohammadi A., Kaboli M., and López-Bao J.V. (2017). Interspecific killing between wolves and golden jackals in Iran. European Journal of Wildlife Research 63(4): 1-5.Lapini L., Molinari P., Dorigo L., Are G., and Beraldo P. (2009). Reproduction of the golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus i. Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 1835) in Julian pre-alps, with new data on its range-expansion in the high-Adriatic hinterland (Mammalia, Carnivora, Canidae). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Venezia 60: 169-186.Lucchini V., Galovi A., and Randi E. (2004). Evidence of genetic distinction and long-term population decline in wolves (Canis lupus) in the Italian Apennines. Molecular Ecology 13: 523-536.Woodroffe R. (2000). Predators and people: using human densities to interpret declines of large carnivores. Animal Conservation 3: 165-173.Zimen E., and Boitani L. (1975). Number and distribution of wolves in Italy. Zeitchrift für Säugetierkunde 40: 102–112.http://www.magredinatura2000.it/ResultsDuring transect a total distance of 129.14 km has been covered, and a lot and different samples were collected and identified: tracks, fecal and hair, but also a direct sighting of two wolfindividuals was documented. In total 42 samples were collected and considered as “Canis Genus”, but only few of them probably belonging to grey wolf.Regarding the presence of the golden jackal: the Karst area belonging to Gorizia and Trieste, have the most abundant and stable presence. In the mountain area of the province of Udine, thepresence are more fragmented. After the recent return of the grey wolf in the area of Magredi the presence of golden jackal has not been documented as in the past. Whit camera trappingmethod we detected the presence of both species in the same area. The most important thing was a picture of a single golden jackal recorded 36 days after the detection of a wolf individual.ABPicture A: Wolf (picture taken insouth Sequals PN, Italy19/06/2016).Picture B: Golden jackal (picturetaken in Cossana, Maniago PN,Italy 25/07/2016).The “Magredi” is a land area in contact with foothills of Pordenone Alps.The south is extended almost to the line of resurgences that separatenotoriously the high from the low plain of Friuli. The characteristics of theMagredi, a term which means "skinny" meadow, are linked to the scarceavailability of water, soil extremely permeable and a lack of nutrients forvegetation. The area coincide with the “Magredi del Cellina“ ZSC(IT3310009). The surrounding area is characterized by intensive agriculturewith cereal crops, and several settlements.

Distribution of wolf and golden jackal in the northeast of Italy and their interactions

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Distribution of wolf and golden jackal in the northeast of Italy and their interactions

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