Purpose: To demonstrate the importance of physical therapy and rehabilitation in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
Materials and methods: The research was done according to the PRISMA MODEL, with a selection of systematic reviews and a search through key terms from scientific and reliable literature.
Results: According to the latest researches, it is recommended to implement stretching exercises, exercises with low to moderate burden, as well as aerobic activities (swimming, walking and stationary cycling) and massage. It has to be pointed out that aerobic and resistance exercises are appropriate for the initial and advanced stages of the disease and for slow-progressing cases. They should be started at the earliest opportunity. In addition, respiratory therapy can improve lung function and breathing. Moderate-intensity exercise increases synaptogenesis and dendritic branching in multiple brain regions, as well as neurotrophic factor production. Also, physical therapy promotes increased hypertrophy of skeletal muscle fibers, muscle protein synthesis and increased capillary density. The most recent data is reduction in the level of serum Myo-miRNA (biomarker for monitoring disease progression) after six weeks of rehabilitation, which is due to the stabilization of the skeletal muscles and the neuromuscular junction. All this leads to more optimal activation and synchronization of the motor units.
Conclusion: Physical therapy has been shown to be essential in improving the quality of life of ALS patients and adapting to changes in daily functioning. The goals are: reducing pain, maintaining condition, flexibility, safe mobility and independence for as long as possible.
Key words: ALS, kinesitherapy, initial stage, advanced stage
