Octacalcium Phosphate-Laden Hydrogels on 3D-Printed Titanium Biomaterials Improve Corrosion Resistance in Simulated Biological Media

Abstract

| openaire: EC/H2020/860462/EU//PREMUROSA Funding Information: Financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie ITN “Premurosa” (GA 860462) is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the access to the infrastructure and expertise of the BBCE—the Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the grant agreement No. 857287). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The inflammatory-associated corrosion of metallic dental and orthopedic implants causes significant complications, which may result in the implant’s failure. The corrosion resistance can be improved with coatings and surface treatments, but at the same time, it might affect the ability of metallic implants to undergo proper osteointegration. In this work, alginate hydrogels with and without octacalcium phosphate (OCP) were made on 3D-printed (patterned) titanium alloys (Ti Group 2 and Ti-Al-V Group 23) to enhance their anticorrosion properties in simulated normal, inflammatory, and severe inflammatory conditions in vitro. Alginate (Alg) and OCP-laden alginate (Alg/OCP) hydrogels were manufactured on the surface of 3D-printed Ti substrates and were characterized with wettability analysis, XRD, and FTIR. The electrochemical characterization of the samples was carried out with open circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was observed that the hydrophilicity of Alg/OCP coatings was higher than that of pure Alg and that OCP phase crystallinity was increased when samples were subjected to simulated biological media. The corrosion resistance of uncoated and coated samples was lower in inflammatory and severe inflammatory environments vs. normal media, but the hydrogel coatings on 3D-printed Ti layers moved the corrosion potential towards more nobler values, reducing the corrosion current density in all simulated solutions. These measurements revealed that OCP particles in the Alg hydrogel matrix noticeably increased the electrical charge transfer resistance at the substrate and coating interface more than with Alg hydrogel alone.Peer reviewe

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