Introduction: Injury and violence is a neglected global health problem, despite being largely predictable and therefor preventable. This study aimed to indirectly describe and compare the availability of resources to manage major trauma between high income, and low- to middle-income countries, as self-reported by delegates at the 2016 International Conference on Emergency Medicine held in Cape Town, South Africa. Materials and methods: A survey was distributed to delegates at the International Conference on Emergency Medicine 2016, Cape Town to achieve the study aim. The survey instrument was based on the 2016 NICE guidelines for the management of patients with major trauma. It captured responses from participants working in both pre- and in hospital settings. Responses were grouped according to income group (either high income, or low- to middle-income) based on the responding delegate’s nationality (using the World Bank definition for income group). A Fisher’s Exact test was conducted to compare delegate responses Results: The survey was distributed and opened by 980 delegates, of whom 392 (40%) responded. A total of 206 (53%) respondents were from high-income countries and 186 (47%) were from low- to middle-income countries. Responders of this self-reported survey described a significant discrepancy between the resources and services available to high income countries s and low- to middle-income countries to adequately care for major trauma patients both pre- and in-hospital. Shortages ranged from consumables to analgesia, imaging to specialist services, pre-hospital to in-hospital. Discussion: Resource restriction is a major concern in the care for major trauma patients in low- to middle-income countries. Current accepted reference standards does not take the resource restrictions that apply to the vast majority of the world’s injured patients into account. More research is required to describe the problem of resource restrictions in low to middle-income countries, and then working out how to overcome it
