Arlt, Wiebke

Fernandez-Felix, Borja M.

Melson, Eka

Rocha, Thais

Thangaratinam, Shakila

Zamora, Javier

English

Context: There is limited knowledge about the disparities between the sexes in obesity prevalence and associated cardiovascular complicationsin low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Objective: We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess sex-specific disparities in the prevalence of obesity andcardiometabolic diseases in LMICs, the burden in women, and variations by region, country’s income status, setting, and time.Methods: We searched major databases from inception to March 2023. Two independent reviewers selected the studies, assessed theirquality, and extracted data. We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to obtain pooled estimates of odds ratios and 95% CI forthe association between sex and obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, and multilevel random-effects logistic regression models to estimatethe prevalence of relevant outcomes (PROSPERO CRD42019132609).Results: We included 345 studies (3 916 276 individuals). The odds of obesity were 2.72-fold higher in women than men (OR 2.72; 95% CI, 2.54-2.91). The sex-specific disparities varied by region, with the greatest disparities in Sub-Saharan Africa (OR 3.91; 95% CI, 3.49-4.39). Amongwomen in LMICs, 23% (95% CI, 21%-25%) had obesity, 27% (95% CI, 24%-29%) had hypertension, and 7% (95% CI, 6%-9%) had type 2diabetes. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in women varied by region, country’s income, and setting, with the highestprevalence in the Middle East and North Africa, upper-middle-income countries and urban settings. The odds of hypertension (OR 2.41; 95%CI, 1.89-3.08) and type 2 diabetes (OR 2.65; 95% CI, 1.76-3.98) were doubled in women with vs without obesity.Conclusion: There is an urgent need for a women-centred and region-stratified approach to tackle obesity awareness, treatment, and prevention in women in LMICs.<br/

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Sex-specific obesity and cardiometabolic disease risks in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis involving 3,916,276 individuals.:a meta-analysis involving 3,916,276 individuals

https://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/212666802/dgad599.pdf

Sex-specific obesity and cardiometabolic disease risks in low- and middle-income countries: a meta-analysis involving 3,916,276 individuals.:a meta-analysis involving 3,916,276 individuals

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