van der Meer, F.D.

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Earth Observation: the Last Mile: Invited talk at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

University of Twente Research Information

ITC ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS Gateway to international knowledge exchange and institutional development in earth observation and geospatial information Photograph: NASA/REID WISEMAN/EPA Earth Observation: the Last Mile An Introduction to ITC Freek van der Meer   Memorandum of Understanding between NASA SERVIR and ITC  2     COOPERATION ON CAPACITY BUILDING AND USING EARTH OBSERVATION DATA AND GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT AND LAND USE  ….aims joint development of training, strengthening institutional and regional capacity building, and conducting research in SERVIR Hub regions in four (4) Thematic Service Areas:  Agriculture and Food Security; Water Resources and Hydroclimatic Disasters; Land Cover and Land Use Change and Ecosystems; and Weather and Climate.   Part 1: About ITC   Part 2: EO the last mile  Bring EO data products to the people (end user)  EO firmly embedded in policy making and governance  EO and market development: entrepeneural    THE LAST MILE  IN EARTH OBSERVATION 3 The last mile is the common colloquialism referring to the portion of the telecommunications network chain that physically reaches the end-user's premises - Wikipedia 4 5 INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE. 7 UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   • An entrepreneurial campus university established in 1961 • More than 10,000 students • 3,300 staff members HIGH TECH HUMAN TOUCH • Societal impact: making a real difference • Synergy: excellence in combinations • Entrepreneurship and innovation  • Internationalization: tomorrow’s global citizens.  8 Source: UT corporate presentation UT IN ONE SLIDE Five faculties  BMS Behavioral, Management and Social sciences  CTW Engineering Technology  EWI Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science  TNW Science and Technology   ITC Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation  Research institutes  MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology  MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine  Virtual institutes  Twente Graduate School (MSc+PhD)  ATLAS “university college” Source: UT corporate presentation 10 Source: UT corporate presentation ITC FACULTY OF  GEO-INFORMATION SCIENCE AND EARTH OBSERVATION Source: ITC corporate presentation  About the Faculty ITC Established: 1950 - Appeal by UN in framework of official development assistance – ODA (joint UT in 2010) Aim: Build capacity for economic development in developing world Main field of science: earth observation, geoinformation science applied to problem-solving in earth sciences, natural and water resources and urban studies (disasters, climate adaptation, water/food security, urbanisation) Achievements: 23 000 alumni (predominantly) mid-career professionals from 170+ countries  Key numbers: 245 staff, 143 PhD, 200 MSc (150 in house) Awards: No.6 of the world in ‘remote sensing’ in Shanghai Subject Ranking      Top rated master program MSc GEO 2015 – 2018       Participating Organisation in GEO for Capacity Development  Rank 6 in remote sensing Top master 2016-2018 1950 International Training Centre for Aerial Survey, ITC 1968 International Institute for Aerial Survey and Earth Sciences, ITC 1985 International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences, ITC 2002  International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth  Observation, ITC 2010 Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, ITC University of Twente ITC ESTABLISHED IN 1950 BY MINISTER WILLEM SCHERMERHORN ITC ALUMNI Source: ITC corporate presentation 15  16 Source: ITC corporate presentation Now fully self supported 17 DATA COLLECTION GIS ANALYSIS DATA & INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Modelling Internet GIS Processing Synthesis Satellite data Aerial data Digital Maps Field measurements Tabular data Web portals Internet GIS 18 APPLICATION on: • food security • water management • urban planning/land administration • disaster management/climate adaptation • strengthening civil society • earth sciences/geohazards-georesources • environmental management and biodiversity RESEARCH THEMES LED BY ITC PROFESSORS  • 4D Earth • Acquisition and Quality of Geo-spatial Information • Forest Agriculture and Environment in the Spatial Sciences • People, Land and Urban Systems • Spatio-temporal Analytics, Maps and Processing • Water Cycle and Climate 19 20 Flux towers CalVal EO satellites Sites in:  Kenya Tibet Spain Netherlands  Regional training networks where ITC acts as a knowledge broker   ITC will develop state of the art education (blended learning) that will train the future generation of Geo-information and Earth Observation  ITC MSc and PhD programs will fulfill real societal demands and appeal to the individual  ITC will focus on the ‘last mile’ in order to embed Earth Observation firmly in society  ITC will train students in entrepreneurial skills and support setting up their own business as professional  WHAT IS ITC AIMING TO ACHIEVE IN 2020  (IN CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT) Source: ITC vision 2020 22    GIS/RS training course, Geological Survey Cyprus, 1994. training data  Source: van der Meer 23     Human resource development, the process of equipping individuals with the understanding, skills and access to information, knowledge and training that enables them to perform effectively.   Organizational development, the elaboration of management structures, processes and procedures, not only within organizations but also the management of relationships between the different organizations and sectors (public, private and community).   Institutional and legal framework development, making legal and regulatory changes to enable organizations, institutions and agencies at all levels  Source: M. Molenaar - ITC NEW Dimensions to Capacity Development  The government to government or country to country dimension considering that in a globalizing world countries cannot maintain to operate as stand-alone entities.  The cross cutting dimension of the government and academic sector against the private sector->’entrepreneurs’  South South->trilateral collaboration  09/05/2018 HEIDAG OBAMA 11 June 2015 Source: van der Meer – GEO Mexico presentation 25 Our Earth Observation Knowledge domain Is getting connected to society and other Geo technologies Rapid acceptation and users  Of geospatial data applications  and technologies robo-fly, developed at Harvard, weight < 1g Source: Veldkamp DIES lecture 2015 Only an estimated 1 % of global population is estimated to be a global citizen. They all have to operate in a local context Source: Veldkamp DIES lecture 2015 INTERNATIONALIZATION IMPLIES COMBINING GLOBAL AND LOCAL CONTEXTS  Cultural and context specificity   Sustainable collaboration   Network and teamwork on location   Experimentation together co-creation Source: Veldkamp DIES lecture 2015 28 New trends in EO: the opportunity • Availability   many more satellites: e.g. EC Copernicus, small sat constellations   • Accessibility  ICT, the Cloud  • Adaptability  standards, adaptable usage (GIS/mobile)   • Affordability  free/low cost data, lower cost value adding  • Acceptability  fit-to-purpose, increased quality level Source: Grim, GEO Mexico presentation USE OF SPECTROSCOPY IN MINERAL INDUSTRY 29 Source: David W. Coulter 30 Source: David W. Coulter REMOTE SENSING EMBEDDED IN THE OIL&GAS SECTOR 31 Source: Christian Haselwimmer, Chevron © GEOSS - Geoglam Source: De Bie, ITC Time as a classifier? Dynamics of 2 days! Dynamics of 1 year! Rainfall NDVI Time as a ‘new’ variable! Time as a ‘new’ coordinate-axis! Source: De Bie, ITC Java: Spot-VGT NDVI 15 yr data Example using Accumulation Measurements (Rice, Mekong Delta, Vietnam)  Rice yield estimates; 58 sites (Nguyen Thi Thu Ha et al., in prep.) Monitoring crop health status Source: De By (ITC), Becker-Reshef (University of Maryland) Crop Monitor Tanzania from data to information Example for prototype in May Map depicting crop conditions in each region over cropland areas. Where conditions are below average, an icon with the driver is provided.  i.e. in Morogoro, dryness and pests were negatively impacting crop conditions Provides real- time information on crop conditions to support decisions such as mobilization of food, grain storage, food reserve purchases, market intelligence that can promote private industry Prototype National Food Security Bulletin-Tanzania Bringing RS, tablet, & online GIS tools together Strong interest from Ministry, Prime Minister Delivery Bureau, and Deputy Permanent Secretary to develop operationally  Source: De By (ITC), Becker-Reshef (University of Maryland) 40 Real-time DATA leading TO Informed DECISIONS First trucks of relief food dispatched September 26, 2015 Food security report presented to Inter-Ministerial Committee September 25, 2015 DROUGHT AND EAST AFRICAN PASTORALISTS  Horn of Africa:  > 20 million pastoralists that depend on livestock  exports of livestock & livestock products > $1billion  drought is main cause of livestock loss  source of poverty  standard responses (food/cash aid) are slow, costly, and insufficient  Insurance as option? HOW DOES INSURANCE WORK? INSURING ANIMALS?  Traditional insurance: need to check losses  $$  In remote areas: no cost-effective options to check losses   Alternative: Index insurance:   base premium and payout on a biophysical index  correlates to losses  key issue: basis risk   index construction Drought occurrence can be estimated in many ways->chosen for forage scarcity index as a measure of area-average seasonal forage availability FORAGE SCARCITY INDEX: APPROACH  1-10 May 2011 NDVI image (10 day) NDVI aggregated Temporal averaging Seasonal average NDVI  (proxy for avg forage productivity in unit) Z-scoring to get seasonal index PIXEL-BASED PHENOLOGY RESULTS (2001-2014 AVERAGE) seasonality start long                       end long          start short                      end short CAN WE PREDICT CUMNDVI VARIABILITY BEFORE EOS?  R2 what is the latest end-date for which R2 still exceeds 0.90 ? PAYOUTS KLIP 2017  ~2m USD to 14000 beneficiaries >3m USD to 14000 beneficiaries short rains 2016/2017 long rains 2017 SO HOW DOES THIS HELP?  Phenological analysis provides better seasonal definitions  Forage scarcity index relates to when forage is developing  Large spatial variability  Needed if moving to new areas   Insurance payments can be made 1-3 month earlier  considering also season predictability  (overall similar payout)  accounting for NDVI filtering important (rainy season likely more clouds)  location-dependent   Earlier payment may allow protection livestock  purchase of forage, water, medicines   OR   movement livestock Some slides from the ADPC work 49 Juliet  Celeste Dhruba  Colleagues  local university   EO and market development: stimulating entrepeneurships  ITC will train students in entrepreneurial skills and support setting up their own business as professional  Expanding our collaboration: from ADPC to other Hubs   POINTS FOR DISCUSSION? 50  ITC vision 2020, Tom Veldkamp (Dean ITC) – a.veldkamp@utwente.nl  Crop yield, Kees de Bie, c.a.j.m.debie@utwente.nl  STARS program, Rolf De By, r.a.deby@utwente.nl  Insurance based livestock, Anton Vrieling, a.vrieling@utwente.nl    ACKNOWLEDGING MY COLLEAGUES! 51 ENSCHEDE THE NETHERLANDS WWW.ITC.NL ITC ENSCHEDE, THE NETHERLANDS  Gateway to international knowledge exchange  focusing on capacity building and institutional development   

Earth Observation: the Last Mile:Invited talk at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

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Earth Observation: the Last Mile:Invited talk at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

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