Investigation of macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and essential oil of the lemon balm leaf, Melissa officinalis L.

Abstract

Tradicionalno list matičnjaka, Melissae folium, koristi se za ublažavanje blagih simptoma mentalnog stresa i olakšavanje uspavljivanja, kao i u simptomatskoj terapiji blagih gastrointestinalnih poremećaja. Etarsko ulje matičnjaka je veoma cenjeno u prehrambenoj i kozmetičkoj industriji. Cilj rada je bio ispitivanje makroskopskih i mikroskopskih osobina uzoraka lista samoniklog i gajenog matičnjaka sa različitih lokaliteta i komercijalno dostupnih čajeva, kao i ispitivanja sastava njihovih etarskih ulja. Za analizu etarskih ulja (16 uzoraka), dobijenih destilacijom vodenom parom, primenjena je gasna hromatografija (GC‐FID) i gasna hromatografija sa masenom spektrometrijom (GC‐MS). Klaster analizom ispitivane su razlike između etarskih ulja. Makroskopske i mikroskopske odlike svih uzoraka su odgovarale monografiji Melissae folium u Ph. Eur. 7.0, ali je u 2 od 5 komercijalnih uzoraka bio veći sadržaj stranih materija. U svim ispitivanim etarskim uljima glavne komponenate su predstavljali: geranial (15,58‐53,33%), neral (10,73‐36,64 %), kariofilen oksid (0,76‐ 35,57 %), (E)‐kariofilen (tragovi‐16,72 %) i citronelal (0,00‐12,64 %). Sadržaj geraniala i nerala u ispitivanim uzorcima je bio u opsegu vrednosti dobijenih u prethodnim ispitivanjima. Klaster analizom uzorci etarskog ulja su podeljeni na dva klastera. U prvom klasteru su bila etarska ulja sa visokim sadržajem geraniala i nerala (31,87‐53,33% i 19,81‐36,64%): etarska ulja lista i herbe samoniklog i gajenog matičnjaka u različitim fazama razvoja i sa različitih lokaliteta i dva komercijalna uzorka. U drugi klaster su svrstana etarska ulja sa nižim sadržajem geraniala i nerala (15,58‐26,67 % i 10,73‐ 15,48 %) i većim udelom kariofilen‐oksida (17,79‐35,57 %): tri komercijalna uzorka i etarsko ulje herbe. List samoniklog matičnjaka u različitim fazama razvoja, sadrži visok procenat geraniala i nerala u etarskom ulju, ne razlikuje se značajno od gajenih uzoraka i može predstavljati izvor kvalitetne droge.Traditional herbal remedies based on lemon balm leaf, Melissae folium are used for relief of mild symptoms of mental stress, to aid sleep and for symptomatic treatment of mild gastrointestinal complaints. The essential oil of lemon balm is very appreciated in food and cosmetic industry. The aim was to examine the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of lemon balm leaves of cultivated and wild plants from different localities, commercially available tea samples and to determinate the composition of their essential oils. The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation (16 samples), were analysed by gas chromatography (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The differences between essential oils were examined by cluster analysis. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics corresponded to the monograph Melissae folium in Ph. Eur. 7.0, while 2 of 5 commercial samples contained higher content of foreign matter. The main components in investigated essential oils were: geranial (15.58‐53.33 %), neral (10.73‐36.64 %), caryophyllene oxide (0.76‐35.57 %), (E)‐caryophyllene (traces‐16.72 %) and citronellal (0.00‐12.64 %). The content of geranial and neral was in the range of values obtained in previous investigations. Cluster analysis divided samples of essential oils into two clusters. Essential oils with high geranial and neral content (31.87‐53.33 % and 19.81‐36.64 %) were in the first cluster: essential oils of leaf and aerial parts of wild and cultivated lemon balm from different development phases and localities and two commercial samples. The essential oils with lower geranial and neral content (15.58‐26.67 % and 10.73‐15.48 %) and higher caryophyllene oxide (17.79‐35.57 %) were separated to the second cluster: three commercial samples and essential oil of aerial parts.The wild lemon balm leaf in different phases of development contains essential oil with high amounts of geranial and neral. It is not significantly different from cultivated samples and could represent a source of quality herbal substance.VII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem: Zajedno stvaramo budućnost farmacije, Beograd, Srbija, 10-14. oktobar 2018

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