The metabolic syndrome is associated with carotid atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in asymptomatic, nondiabetic postmenopausal women

Abstract

The menopause transition is associated with adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. We aimed to examine the association of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and its features with indices of vascular structure and function in a population of asymptomatic postmenopausal women. A total of 473 informed-consenting, nondiabetic postmenopausal women were included in the study. The MS was defined according to the Joint Definition. We evaluated the association between the presence of MS and indices of vascular structure (carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT); atherosclerotic plaques) and function (flow-mediated dilatation (FMD); pulse wave velocity (PWV)). The mean age of women was 56.4 ± 6.7 and the mean menopausal age was 7.91 ± 6.31. The MS was present in 17.3% of our population. Mean values of PWV increased linearly with the accumulation of features of the MS. IMT was higher in women with the MS compared to women without the MS (0.78 ± 0.12mm vs. 0.74 ± 0.11, p=.003). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of the MS was independently associated with common carotid artery IMT (b=0.149, p=.001), PWV (b=0.114, p=.012) as well as central systolic and diastolic blood pressure (b=0.293, p<.001 and b=0.163, p<.001 respectively). The presence of the MS is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis already in the first postmenopausal decade of this sample of asymptomatic, nondiabetic women. Additional evidence is required to support the causative effect of these associations. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group