The potential relationship between ovulation induction and gynecological
cancer has been raised recently. Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC)
is an uncommon malignancy, not previously associated with fertility
drugs use. We describe a case of a 38-year-old woman with primary
infertility and a history of three ovulation inductions with
gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and gonadotrophins, referred for
treatment of bilateral ovarian cysts, which were discovered in the
beginning of the last cycle. During laparotomy, bilateral adnexal masses
were identified, presumed to be of ovarian origin, and total abdominal
hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, infracolic omentectomy,
and retroperitoneal lymph nodes sampling were performed. Histologic
examination showed a primary right fallopian tube endometrioid
adenocarcinoma and bilateral adnexal endometriosis. Surgery was followed
by six cycles of combination chemotherapy using paclitaxel and
carboplatin without significant complications. Although evidence of a
direct causal link between ovarian stimulation and PFTC does not yet
exist, this case highlights the importance for careful evaluation of all
discovered adnexal masses in women undergoing ovulation induction
treatment