On the relationship between squared pairings and plain pairings

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the squared Weil/Tate pairing and the plain Weil/Tate pairing. Along these lines, we first show that the squared pairing for arbitrary chosen point can be transformed into a plain pairing for the trace zero point which has a special form to compute them more efficiently. This transformation requires only a cost of some Frobenius actions. Additionally, we show that the squared Weil pairing can be computed more efficiently for trace zero point and derive an explicit formula for the 4th powered Weil pairing as an optimized version of the Weil pairing