Valores e usos da natureza amazônica: O artesanato e o potencial conservacionista da entidade agroextrativista “Natureza & Arte” na Comunidade do Cafezal em Barcarena - Pará

Abstract

The present article approaches the handcraft practices developed in the “neighborhood” of Cafezal, in the municipality of Barcarena, State of Pará. An activity born due to the need of territorial memory and the original Amazonian knowledge preservation, connected to sociobiodiversity, which is being lost through the advances of “modernization” and corporate “development”, both carried on rural, riparian and forest areas. However, our problem is fixed on knowing: how the artisanal practice is beneficial the local environment and society? In order to answer the question an inventory of the social construction in Cafezal was performed; together with an evaluation of the extension of the impact on the areas of clay extraction and a diagnosis of the social (re)configurations, concerning the advance of artisanal work in the community. The methodology of research was guided by a participant survey, along with documental surveys, consultation to personal archives of the members of Cafezal community and the association of artisans as well as the observation of the productive chain in manufacturing the clay pieces. The research presents as main result the plurality of original-traditional Amazonian knowledge, which suffered or have been suffering changes or modify the landscape of the territory itself, that being of social contrasts or the ecosystem. For such, it is understood that the focus of discussions from the issues of political ecology is essential due to environmental rationality maintained in the locality, noticing the local validity of a “territory of artisans”. Keywords: Conservation; Political Ecology; Environmental Rationality; Artisan Territory.O presente artigo faz uma abordagem acerca das práticas artesanais desenvolvidas no “bairro” Cafezal, no município de Barcarena, Estado do Pará. Uma atividade que nasce devido à necessidade de conservar a memória territorial e os saberes originários amazônicos, ligados à “sociobiodiversidade”, mas que vem se perdendo mediante aos avanços da “modernização” e o “desenvolvimento” empresarial sob áreas rurais, ribeirinhas e florestais. Contudo, nossa problemática assenta-se em saber: como a prática artesanal local é benéfica para o ambiente e a sociedade do Cafezal? Para responder ao questionamento, objetivou-se inventariar a construção social do Cafezal; avaliar a extensão do impacto sobre as áreas de extração da argila e diagnosticar as (re)configurações sociais, mediante ao avanço do trabalho artesanal na comunidade. A metodologia de pesquisa se pautou em uma pesquisa participante, juntamente a levantamentos documentais, consulta ao acervo pessoal de membros da comunidade do Cafezal, bem como na associação de artesãos e na observação da cadeia produtiva de criação das peças em argila. A pesquisa apresenta como resultado principal a pluralidade dos saberes originários-tradicionais amazônicos, que sofreram e sofrem mudanças ou modificam a própria paisagem do território, seja ela dos contrastes sociais ou do próprio ecossistema. Para tanto, entende-se que o enfoque das discussões a partir das questões da Ecologia Política, coloca-se como imprescindível devido à racionalidade ambiental mantida na localidade, constatando a validez local de um “território dos artesãos”. Palavras-chave: Conservação; Ecologia Política; Racionalidade Ambiental; Território Artesanal.   Values and uses of Amazonian nature: Craftsmanship and the potential for conservation of the agroextractivist entity “Nature & Arts” in the Community of Cafezal, Barcarena (state of Pará) Abstract The present article approaches the handcraft practices developed in the “neighborhood” of Cafezal, in the municipality of Barcarena, State of Pará. An activity born due to the need of territorial memory and the original Amazonian knowledge preservation, connected to sociobiodiversity, which is being lost through the advances of “modernization” and corporate “development”, both carried on rural, riparian and forest areas. However, our problem is fixed on knowing: how the artisanal practice is beneficial the local environment and society? In order to answer the question an inventory of the social construction in Cafezal was performed; together with an evaluation of the extension of the impact on the areas of clay extraction and a diagnosis of the social (re)configurations, concerning the advance of artisanal work in the community. The methodology of research was guided by a participant survey, along with documental surveys, consultation to personal archives of the members of Cafezal community and the association of artisans as well as the observation of the productive chain in manufacturing the clay pieces. The research presents as main result the plurality of original-traditional Amazonian knowledge, which suffered or have been suffering changes or modify the landscape of the territory itself, that being of social contrasts or the ecosystem. For such, it is understood that the focus of discussions from the issues of political ecology is essential due to environmental rationality maintained in the locality, noticing the local validity of a “territory of artisans”. Keywords: Conservation; Political Ecology; Environmental Rationality; Artisan Territory.   Valeurs et utilisations de la nature amazonienne: L’artisanat et le potentiel conservateur de l’entité agroextrativista "Nature & Art" dans la Communauté du Cafezal à Barcarena (Pará) Résumé Cet article traite des pratiques artisanales développées dans le "quartier" de Cafezal, dans la municipalité de Barcarena, État du Pará. Une activité née de la nécessité de conserver la mémoire territoriale et les savoirs d’origine amazonienne, liés à la sociobiodiversité qui se perd avec les avances de la "modernisation" et du "développement" d’entreprise, tous les deux sur les zones rurales, riveraines et forestières. Cependant, notre problématique cherche à comprendre :  comment la pratique artisanale locale est-elle bénéfique pour l’environnement et la société locale? Pour répondre à cette question, l’objectif a été d’inventorier la construction sociale de Cafezal; évaluer l’ampleur de l’impact sur les zones d’extraction de l’argile et de diagnostiquer les (ré)paramètres sociaux, en progressant le travail artisanal dans la communauté. La méthodologie de recherche a été guidée par une recherche participative, ainsi que par des enquêtes documentaires, la consultation de la collection personnelle des membres de la communauté de Cafezal, ainsi que par l’association des artisans et l’observation de la chaîne de production de création des pièces en argile. La recherche présente comme résultat principal la pluralité des connaissances originaires-traditionnelles amazoniennes qui ont subi et qui subissent des changements ou modifient le paysage du territoire, soit concernant des contrastes sociaux ou de l’écosystème lui-même. Pour ce faire, il est entendu que l’approche des discussions à partir des questions de l’écologie politique se pose comme indispensable en raison de la rationalité environnementale maintenue dans la localité, en constatant la validité locale d’un "territoire des artisans". Mots-clés: Conservation; Écologie Politique; Rationalité Environnementale; Territoire Artisanal