Jia, Xiaofeng

Romero-Ortega, Mario I.

Teng, Yang D.

BioMed Research International

Harvard University - DASH 

 Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Mechanism, Cell Biology, andTherapies  (Article begins on next page)The Harvard community has made this article openly available.Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters.Citation Jia, Xiaofeng, Mario I. Romero-Ortega, and Yang D. Teng. 2014.“Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Mechanism, Cell Biology, andTherapies.” BioMed Research International 2014 (1): 145304.doi:10.1155/2014/145304.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/145304.Published Version doi:10.1155/2014/145304Accessed February 17, 2015 11:06:10 AM ESTCitable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13890679Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASHrepository, and is made available under the terms and conditionsapplicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth athttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of-use#LAAEditorialPeripheral Nerve Regeneration: Mechanism,Cell Biology, and TherapiesXiaofeng Jia,1,2 Mario I. Romero-Ortega,3,4 and Yang D. Teng51 Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 South Pine Street,M e d i c a lS c h o o lT e a c h i n gF a c i l i t y5 5 9A ,B a l t i m o r e ,M D2 1 2 0 1 ,U S A2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine,J o h n sH o p k i n sU n i v e r s i t y ,B a l t i m o r e ,M D2 1 2 0 5 ,U S A3Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA4Surgery Department, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, TX, USA5Departments of Neurosurgery and Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence should be addressed to Xiaofeng Jia; xjia1@jhmi.edu, Mario I. Romero-Ortega; mromero@uta.edu,and Yang D. Teng; yang teng@hms.harvard.eduReceived 10 September 2014; Accepted 10 September 2014; Published 23 December 2014Copyright © 2014 Xiaofeng Jia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Peripheral nerve injury has perplexed neuroscientists, neu-rologists, plastic surgeons, and bioengineers for decades.Despite the spontaneous ability of the adult peripheral nervesystem to regenerate after injury, optimal and universaltreatments capable of achieving full functional recoveryare still unavailable. It is the suboptimal results obtainedwith current gold standard autograft surgery methods thatcontinue to motivate vigorous research around the world forestablishing biosynthetic and/or cell-based alternatives, aim-ingatelucidatingtheunderlyingmechanismsanddevelopingnew regenerative medicine approaches in order to maximizefunctional nerve regeneration and to prevent occurrence ofneuropathic pain.In this special issue, six papers are published that pro-vide a global view of the challenges in peripheral nerverepairresearchandtherapeuticdevelopment:fromadvancedbiomaterial research to the resolution overcoming clinicalpractice limitations, which bears the promise of improvingclinical outcomes for patients with nerve injuries.D. Grinsell and C. P. Keating presented a current view ofthe clinical results achieved with peripheral nerve regenera-tionusingnerveconduitsandsyntheticbondingmaterials.E.P. Knott and collaborators elaborated on recent advancementregarding the molecular response of peripheral nerves toinjuryinsults,investigatingaspecificconnectionoftheintra-cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) cascadeand its modulation that might help overcome molecularinhibitors of axonal growth to serve as a strategy for PNregeneration. For the biomaterials that have been shownor proposed to activate growth-promoting responses aftern e r v ei n j u r y ,P .R a m b u r r u ne ta l . ,i nt h e i rp a p e r ,d e m o n -strated a comprehensive strategy that was used to achievesustained release of bioactive molecules from nerve conduitsas a possible clinical application for peripheral nerve injuryrepair. The authors gave careful consideration to criticalaspects of the delivery of biologically active factors intothe injured nerve and presented state-of-the-art chemicalengineering methods to ensure long-term controlled releaseof therapeutic reagents. Electrical stimulation is one of themethodologies that have been conventionally used to over-come the progressive loss of the nerve regenerative capacitywhen lesions occur far from the target organ. D. C. Mirandade Assis et al. compared the role of stimulation frequencyon the use of transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) asa method to stimulate peripheral nerve regeneration andreported confirmative experimental data.Besides functional deficits, almost all types of nervelesions could result in development of neuropathic pain. InHindawi Publishing CorporationBioMed Research InternationalVolume 2014, Article ID 145304, 2 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/1453042 BioMed Research Internationalthis issue, V. Magnaghi and collaborators reported that anagonist-mediated modulation of the gamma-aminobutyricacid (GABA) system showed efficacy for ameliorating neu-ropathic pain. Finally, the report by H. Su et al. showed thatadministration of lithium, normally used for the treatmentof mood disorders such as bipolar disorders and depression,was beneficial for the nerve regrowth in a model of brachialplexusrootavulsion.Thestudydemonstratedthatthelithiumtreatment reduced metabolic demand of motor neurons andincreased motor neuron survival after root avulsion injury.It is our hope that the compilation of these researchreports would provide an updated view of regenerativebiologyofperipheralnerveinjuryaswell asacademic insightthat may facilitate further improvement of current clinicalprotocols for peripheral nerve repair. Most importantly, wewishthatnewdatapublishedherewouldenabledevelopmentof novel ideas to move our field forward.AcknowledgmentsDr. Jia was supported in part by R01HL118084 from NIH,09SDG2110140fromAmericanHeartAssociation,andMary-land Stem Cell Research Fund (2013-MSCRFE-146-00).Xiaofeng JiaMario I. Romero-OrtegaYang D. Teng

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Mechanism, Cell Biology, and Therapies

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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Mechanism, Cell Biology, and Therapies

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