The north zone of Romania offers relatively weak conditions for the culture of table grapes varieties. That is why the
creation of new genotypes adapted to these restrictive conditions has long been a main research aim. Such a creation is
the table grape variety „Gelu” obtained at the Station of Research and Development for Viticulture and Wine-making,
Iaşi. The promotion of new grape varieties obtained after long in situ research, is only possible after specific studies
concerning the technological steps. In the present article, the results obtained regarding the behaviour of the new table
grape variety Gelu are presented, at different trellising forms and pruning types, in order to use the variety at its
maximum qualitative and quantitative potential

Colibaba, Cintia

Petrea, Gabriela

Rotaru, Liliana

Vasile, Ancuța

Colibaba, Lucia-Cintia

ALSE Repository

      THE INFLUENCE OF SOME PHYTOTECHNICAL MEASURES ON THE TABLE GRAPE VARIETY GELU GROWN IN IAŞI VINEYARD  Liliana ROTARU1, Cintia COLIBABA1, Ancuţa VASILE2, Gabriela PETREA2  E-mail: lirotaru@uaiasi.ro   Abstract  The north zone of Romania offers relatively weak conditions for  the culture of table grapes varieties. That is why thecreation of new genotypes adapted to these restrictive conditions has long been a main research aim. Such a creation isthe table grape variety „Gelu” obtained at the Station of Research and Development for Viticulture and Wine-making, Iaşi. The promotion of new grape varieties obtained after long in situ research, is only possible after specific studiesconcerning the technological steps. In the present article, the results obtained  regarding the behaviour of the new table grape variety Gelu are presented, at different trellising forms and pruning types, in order to use the variety at itsmaximum qualitative and quantitative potential.  Key words: Iaşi vineyard, table grapes, Gelu grape variety, fruiting pruning                                                    1 University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iaşi 2 Station of Research and Development for Viticulture and Wine-making, Iaşi The table grape variety Gelu is a creation of the Station of Research and Development for Viticulture and Wine-making Iaşi, homologated in 1998. It was obtained from free fecundation of Coarnă neagră seeds, irradiated with X rays, authors Gh. Calistru and Doina Damian (Damian Doina et al., 2006). It is a grape variety that is known for its productivity, early ripening and good resistance to freezing, being thus adapted to the climatic conditions of Iaşi vineyard (Rotaru Liliana et al., 2008) . The large scale promotion of new created grape varieties cannot be realised without  a perfect perspective on agroproductive characteristics and their reaction to different ecosystems, when applying different technological factors (planting densities, trellising forms, length of fruiting elements, fruiting load), in order to determine their economical value (Dobrei A. et al., 2008). The pruning system, the fruiting load and its distribution on the fruiting elements represent the main elements that decide the vigour optimum, production and quality of a grape variety (Rotaru Liliana et al., 2010). The buds' fertility on the fruiting cane registers differences according to the length of the fruiting element and the training form, fact that has significant implications on the production levels.  MATERIAL AND METHOD  The research have been done at the Station of Research and Development for Viticulture and Wine-making,Iaşi, in an experimental plantation of Gelu grape variety, grafted on Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5 BB. The plot was planted in 2001, with planting distances of 2,2/1,2 , on a slight slope of 3%, with southern exposition and a cambic chernozem soil formed on loess deposits, with clay-loam texture, environment supplied with nutritive elements.  The study had two factors: Factor A – the type of the fruiting element,  with the following variations a0-spurs of 2-3 buds; a1-fruiting elements with canes with 6 buds, in both cases the training of the vine trunks being semi-high bilateral cordon (CB) and a2-fruiting elements with canes with 10 buds, Guyot training on the semi-trunk (GS). Factor B – fruiting load, with the variants b0-14 buds/m2, b1-18 buds/m2, b2-22 buds/m2, and b3-26 buds/m2.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS  Vine trunk vigour. Through extensive research it was proved that the vigour of the trunks, represented by the weight of the pruned wood was influenced by the study factors (tab. 1).  The highest vigour was realised when the bilateral cordon training was used with spur pruning, closely followed by pruning in fruiting elements with long cordons (Guyot on semi-trunk) and canes on the bilateral cordon that registered negative differences to spur pruning variants. The values of the ratio production/ annual wood (P/L) are superior in the case when the training is done in bilateral cordon with fruiting elements pruning especially when the training form is Guyot on semi-trunk. This fact proves that Gelu grape variety has its own process of vigour auto-adjustment, expressed through yearly growths. Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi170    Table 1Trunk vigour and value of ratio P/L Variant Annual wood (g/vine trunk) Ratio production/ annual wood 1 CB-spur pruning 776 4.38 2 Mt-spur pruning 840 3.92 3 CB-spur pruning 868 5.06 4 CB-spur pruning 853 5.39 5 CB-cane pruning 713 6.17 6 CB-cane pruning 745 4.38 7 CB-cane pruning 724 6.76 8 CB-cane pruning 677 7.68 9 GS- cordon pruning  666 6.45 10 GS-cordon pruning  728 6.56 11 GS-cordon pruning  777 7.85 12 GS-cordon pruning  696 8.47 Average 755.25 6.09      DL 5% - 62.95 g/trunk      DL 1% - 124.55 g/trunk      DL0,1% - 164,38 g/trunk  Bud break. The percent of bud breaking is highly dependant of the pruning system, the fruiting load and the position of the buds of the trajectory of the fruiting element (tab. 2). The highest values were obtained when the pruning was done in fruiting elements (81,9-84,8%), compared to 79,2% when the used system was spur pruning.  The fertility of the shoots, as one of the biological characteristics of the table grape variety was highly marked by the studied agrotechnical factors. The results was that the fertility of the shoots, represented by the number of fertile shoots on the trunk grew in a directly proportional manner with the length of the fruiting element, from 19 at the spur pruning variants to 23 and 27 at the variants that used spur and cane pruning.  Within the variant groups with different types of fruiting elements, the number of fertile shoots grew in a direct proportional manner with the grow of the fruiting load, such as: the percent of fertile shoots grew from 29% to 415% when the fruiting load was increased from 4 to 8 buds/m2 for spur pruning, the percent of fertile shots changed from  31 to 47% for the cane pruning and from  25 to 37% for the cordon pruning. The fertility of the shoots (%) registered high values of 53,1% and 62%, when the vine was pruned in long fruiting elements, the highest fertility values being obtained / bud.  Table 2Bud break and fertility of the shoots Variant Viable buds (%) No. of fertile shoots Percentage of fertile shoots Fertile shoots/buds 1 CB-spur pruning 81.9 15 50.0 0.41 2 Mt-spur pruning 79.9 17 47.1 0.35 3 CB-spur pruning 78.8 22 46.7 0.38 4 CB-spur pruning 76.4 24 46.2 0.34 Average 79.2 19 47.5 0.37 5 CB-cane pruning 85.4 19 61.2 0.53 6 CB-cane pruning 83.6 19 51.3 0.39 7 CB-cane pruning 79.8 25 51.0 0.43 8 CB-cane pruning 79.1 28 49.1 0.40 Average 81.9 23 53.1 0.44 9 GS-cordon pruning  90.3 22 68.7 0.61 10 GS-cordon pruning  83.6 24 61.5 0.50 11 GS-cordon pruning  83.2 30 61.7 0.52 12 GS-cordon pruning  82.2 33 56.8 0.47 Average 84.8 27 62.0 0.52  Lucrări ştiinţifice - vol. 54, Nr. 1/2011, seria Agronomie171    The variation of bud breaking, expressed in percentages, according to the position of the bud on the length of the fruiting element (tab. 3), has registered higher values for buds 2 and 3, in the case of spur pruning (80,9-83,8%), between buds 3 and 6, in the case of cane pruning (86,2-94,5%) and between buds 4 and 6 in the case of cordon pruning (92,8-95,2%). The fruiting load registered high values at  22 buds/m2 for buds 2-3 at spur pruning (83,8-84,6%); at 18 buds/m2 for buds 3-6 at cane pruning with 6 buds (94,4-98,6%) and at all loads for the cordon between bud 4 and bud 6 for cordon pruning (90,0-97,2%). %). Table 3Percentage of viable buds according to the bud position on the length of the fruiting element Variant Bud position 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 CB-spur pruning 77.3 82.9         2 Mt-spur pruning 75.0 75.7         3 CB-spur pruning 68.4 83.6 84.6        4 CB-spur pruning 70.3 81.5 83.0        Average 72.7 80.9 83.8        5 CB-cane pruning 56.2 85.4 89.6 93.7 97.9 89.6     6 CB-cane pruning 76.4 83.3 94.4 97.2 98.6 94.4     7 CB-cane pruning 77.4 85.7 89.7 80.9 91.7 78.6     8 CB-cane pruning 68.5 79.6 86.1 87.0 89.8 82.4     Average 69.6 83.5 89.9 89.7 94.5 86.2     9 GS-cordon pruning  58.3 74.4 81.7 94.4 97.2 94.4 92.7 91.4 86.1 75.0 10 GS-cordon pruning  62.5 87.5 87.5 91.7 95.8 95.8 93.7 81.2 77.1 81.2 11 GS-cordon pruning  75.0 88.3 88.3 96.7 95.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 80.0 85.0 12 GS-cordon pruning  61.1 77.8 80.5 97.2 93.0 90.9 76.4 70.8 79.2 75.0 Average 64.2 82.0 84.5 95.0 95.2 92.8 88.2 83.3 80.6 79.0   The grape production. The action of the studied factors underlined the reaction of the grape variety productivity of the vine trunk, considered a biological production unit (tab. 4). The production of grapes / trunk registered average values of 3,9 kg at spur pruning, 4,5 kg at cane pruning and 5,3 kg at cordon pruning.  The load of 22 and 26 buds/m2 determined the obtaining of superior productions per trunk, of 4,4 and respectively of  6,1 kg/vine trunk. The calculated production per hectare registered between 10,9 tons at the control variety and  20 tons at the Guyot on semi-trunk training. The combined action of the two factors is to be underlined, assuring distinctly significant and very significant growths (4,9 and 9,1 tone/ha) in the production when the fruiting spur and cane pruning is used.  The accumulated sugars registered at full maturity but not consumption maturity were between 178 and 194 g/l must, showing a increasing trend inverse proportional to the quantity of the production, thus confirming the quantity/quality principle in the Gelu table grape variety case.  Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Iaşi172    Table 4Quantity and quality of grape production Variant Production Differences and their significance compared to: Quality  kg/vine trunk t/ha average kg/vine trunk t/ha aciditate  (g/l H2SO4) 1 CB-spur pruning 3.4 11.9 -4.00 +0.2 194 4.3 2 Mt-spur pruning 3.3 10.9 -4.20 0 190 4.3 3 CB-spur pruning 4.4 14.5 -0.6 +3.6* 184 4.1 4 CB-spur pruning 4.6 15.2 +0.1 +4.3* 182 4.2 5 CB-cane pruning 4.4 14.2 -0.9 +3.3 184 4.8 6 CB-cane pruning 3.6 12.1 -3.0 +1.2 185 4.2 7 CB-cane pruning 4.9 16.3 +1.2 +5.4** 185 4.4 8 CB-cane pruning 5.2 17.3 +2.2 +6.5*** 182 4.4 9 GS-cane pruning 4.3 14.2 -0.9 +3.3 185 4.9 10 GS-cordon pruning  4.8 15.8 +0.7 +4.9** 187 4.8 11 GS-cordon pruning  6.1 20.0 +4.9** +9.1*** 178 4.8 12 GS-cordon pruning  5.9 19.7 +4.6** +8.8*** 178 5.1 Average - 15.1 - - - -      DL 5% - 3.37 t      DL 1% - 4.5 t      DL 0,1% - 5.95 t  CONCLUSIONS  The research that studied the length of the fruiting element in vines and the fruiting load has an important role in analysing the vigour, fertility and productivity of the Gelu table grape variety.  The highest vigour was registered when the vine training was bilateral cordon with spur pruning. The highest values of the P/L were noted in the case of spur and cane pruning, 6,17 and 8,47, compared to 3,92 and 5,39 in the spur pruning variant. The percentage of fertile shoots per fruiting bud grew from 0,37  at the bilateral cordon training with spur pruning to  0,44 at cane pruning and 0,52 at Guyot on semi-trunk. The maximum fertility was registered between buds 4 and 7, at Guyot training on semi-trunk, while, in the case of cane pruning, this index was highest at the superior part of the shoot. In the case of spur pruning, the highest values were obtained between buds 2 and 3. In the conditions of Iaşi vineyard, Gelu grape variety reached superior levels of production when Guyot on semi-trunk training system was used as well as bilateral cordon with spur and cane pruning, with a fruiting load of 18-26 buds/m2, assuring thus a calculated production of over 16 t/ha grapes.  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  This study was financed by the National Center of Program Management, EUREPGAP project, no. 52-113/15.09.2008  BIBLIOGRAPHY  Damian, Doina, Savin C., Vasile, Ancuţa, Zaldea, Gabi, 2006 - Valoarea agrobiologică şi tehnologică a unosr soiuri noi şi clone create la SCDVV Iaşi. Lucr. Ştiinţif. USAMV Iaşi, seria Hortic., vol. 1 (49), pp. 785-790. Dobrei, Alin, Rotaru, Liliana, Silvano, Morelli, 2008 – Ampelografie. Editura Solness, Timişoara. Rotaru, Liliana, Mustea, M., Zamfir, C., Cotea, V.V., Vasile, Ancuţa, 2008 - New vinifera creations for table grapes in the restrictive conditions of culture in the North-Eastern area of Romania. XXXIth – World Congress of Vine and Wine OIV, Verona, 15-20 June. Rotaru, Liliana, Filipov F., Mustea, M., Stoleru, V., 2010 - Influence of some “Terroir Viticole” Factors on Quantity and Quality of Grapes. Rev. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj Napoca, 2010 Volume 38 Issue 1, pp. 176-181.       Lucrări ştiinţifice - vol. 54, Nr. 1/2011, seria Agronomie173

The influence of some phytotechnical measures on the table grape variety Gelu grown in Iaşi vineyard

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The influence of some phytotechnical measures on the table grape variety Gelu grown in Iaşi vineyard

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